关键词: 脉冲水力压裂, 脉冲频率, 压裂液黏度, 声发射, 扩缝

Abstract: This study is to investigate the mechanisms of fracture extending in coal rock by pulse hydraulic fracturing. Experiments are performed on coal rock samples using a pulse hydraulic fracturing experimental system under triaxial loading by changing the pulse frequency and viscosity of fracturing fluid. Experimental results show that the fracturing response of pulse pressure and acoustic emission (AE) indicates the process of fracture extending induced by pulse hydraulic fracturing can be divided into four periods, i.e., scattered initiation period, uniform growth period, sudden coalescence period and failure termination period. The average rates of the spatial distribution of AE locations at the uniform growth period and sudden coalescence period are 4.6 and 9.6 times higher than the scattered initiation period respectively. The general tendency of b-value curves demonstrates that microcracks mainly propagate at the uniform growth period and large scale cracks primarily propagate at the sudden coalescence period. The partial b-value curves present the characteristics by combining the shape of ridge line with ladder shape. Before the fracturing pulse frequency reaches the optimum state, the duration of uniform growth period and sudden coalescence period affected by high frequency pulse pressure is shorter than that by low frequency one. Under the same frequency, the duration of uniform growth period exhibits a shortening trend, as the viscosity of fracturing fluid increases, but the duration of sudden coalescence period shows the opposite way.

Key words: pulse hydraulic fracturing, pulse frequency, viscosity of fracturing fluid, acoustic emission, fracture extending