典型岩石破裂产生次声波试验研究

›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 1306-1312.

典型岩石破裂产生次声波试验研究

朱星¹，许强¹，汤明高¹，付小敏¹，周建斌²

1. 成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室，成都 610059；2. 成都理工大学核技术与自动化工程学院，成都 610059

收稿日期:2012-02-25 出版日期:2013-05-10 发布日期:2013-05-14
作者简介:朱星，男，1984年生，博士研究生，主要从事滑坡地质灾害信息及预警方法仪器研究
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目(No. 2008CB425801)；教育部长江学者和创新研究团队计划项目(No. IRT0812)

Experimental study of infrasound wave generated by typical rock fracture

ZHU Xing¹，XU Qiang¹，TANG Ming-gao¹，FU Xiao-min¹，ZHOU Jian-bin²

1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; 2. College of Nuclear Technology & Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Received:2012-02-25 Online:2013-05-10 Published:2013-05-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在刚性材料试验压力机上对花岗岩、灰岩、红砂岩、砂岩、千枚岩及泥岩6种典型的岩石试样进行了单轴全过程加载试验，通过自主研制的数字化次声波探测系统对加载过程中的岩石破裂发射出的次声波信号进行了实时探测。为了研究岩石微破裂过程是否存在发射低频次声波现象及其频率分布等特性，通过小波阈值去噪、短时傅立叶变换（STFT）时-频分析和时域累计振铃计数的方法对数字次声波信号进行了处理与分析。研究结果表明：①岩石在破坏前加载过程中存在明显的发射次声波现象；②岩石破裂产生突出次声信号的频率主要分布在2.0～6.0 Hz之间；③在结构较完整的情况下，硬岩（如花岗岩、灰岩）在变形破裂过程中产生的次声信号数量要比软岩（如泥岩）多。与一般声波相比，因次声波具有不容易衰减，不易被水和空气吸收，波长很长可绕开大型障碍物等独特性质，结合其他方法对岩石破裂产生次声波现象的进一步研究可为岩石（体）稳定性监测提供重要的研究方法和技术手段。

关键词: 次声波, 岩石破裂, 时-频分析, 特征频率, 岩石（体）稳定性

Abstract: Experiments on characteristics of infrasonic wave generated by full-regime rock failure under uniaxial loading are carried out with a stiffness material test machine, and the stiffness materials involve granite, limestone, red sandstone, sandstone, phyllite, mudstone. In this study, an advanced digital infrasound emission detecting system to study the characteristics of the infrasonic signals is independently developed. The collected infrasonic signals are processed and analyzed through the wavelet-based denoising method, short-time Fourier transform time-frequency analysis and accumulative ring-down count (ARDC). The results show that: ① The infrasonic wave emission phenomena can apparently appear during the process of uniaxial loading of rocks before rocks fracture. ② The characteristic frequency of prominent infrasonic wave generated by rocks’ fracture typically range 2.0-6.0 Hz. ③ The ARDC of hard rocks, e.g. granite and limestone, are much more than those of soft rocks, e.g. mudstone, in the case of complete structure. Compared with other acoustic signals, infrasound is low-attenuate, cannot be absorbed easily by water and air, and can propagate avoiding huge obstacles due to its long wavelength. Combined with other methods, the further study of the characteristics of infrasonic wave generated by rocks’ microfracture can provide a significant innovate approach and techniques for rock stability monitoring.

Key words: infrasonic wave, rock failure, time-frequency analysis, characteristic frequency, rock stability

中图分类号:

TU 452

朱星，许强，汤明高，付小敏，周建斌 . 典型岩石破裂产生次声波试验研究[J]. , 2013, 34(5): 1306-1312.

ZHU Xing ，XU Qiang ，TANG Ming-gao ，FU Xiao-min ，ZHOU Jian-bin . Experimental study of infrasound wave generated by typical rock fracture[J]. , 2013, 34(5): 1306-1312.

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