关键词: 泥石流, 固液两相流, 浆体, 大颗粒, 冲击力

Abstract: A series of impact experiments were conducted on debris flow slurries and the mixtures of the debris flow slurry and large-sized particles with densities of 1 400-2 200 kg/m3, and 31 groups of impact experimental data at velocities of 2.4-5.2 m/s were obtained. The noise signals generated from device vibration and environmental interference are filtered out with the wavelet analysis method. Based on the results of the frequency spectral analysis using the fast Fourier transform method, a frequency threshold of 2 Hz is identified so that the low-frequency slurry impact force and the high-frequency large-sized particle impact force can be effectively separated. In the current hydrodynamic model the empirical coefficient α is generally difficult to determine. To resolve the issue, the functional dependence of the fluid Froude number Fr on coefficient α is developed based on 157 sets of debris flow monitoring data; and a formulation for calculating the slurry impact force is proposed, which represents different flow forms and the diminishing size effect. Compared to the smooth nature of slurry impact force, the large-sized particle impact force has more random characteristics. Both the number and frequency of particles impact on sensors increase when more particles are mixed in the flow. When mass ratio of particles increases from 0.05 to 0.21, the impact number increases from 1 305 to 2 838 times, and the impact frequency also increases from 82 to 195 times per second. The average particle impact force is about 60 kPa, which is about 3 times that of slurry. The frequency of particles detected by the upper sensors becomes larger than that detected by the bottom sensors as the particles content increases, demonstrating that the particles are prone to concentrate on the surface or at the head of debris.

Key words: debris flow, solid-liquid two phase flow, slurry, large-sized particles, impact force