›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 2527-2536.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2016.2377

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

隧道仰坡落石冲击模型试验研究与机制探讨

胡 杰,李术才,石少帅,李利平,刘进佩,刘洪亮,贺 鹏   

  1. 山东大学 岩土与结构工程研究中心,山东 济南 250061
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-11 出版日期:2018-07-10 发布日期:2018-08-05
  • 通讯作者: 石少帅,男,1987年生,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事边坡、隧道与地下工程灾害防控等方面的研究工作。E-mail: shishaoshuai@sdu.edu.cn E-mail:hjxz1996@163.com
  • 作者简介:胡杰,男,1996年生,博士研究生,主要从事边坡、隧道与地下工程灾害防控等方面的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(No. 51609129,No. 51479106,No. 51709159);山东省博士后创新资助项目(No. 201502025)。

Model test study of rockfall impacts on tunnel heading slope and discussion of related mechanisms

HU Jie, LI Shu-cai, SHI Shao-shuai, LI Li-ping, LIU Jin-pei, LIU Hong-liang, HE Peng   

  1. Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
  • Received:2016-10-11 Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-08-05
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51609129, 51479106, 51709159) and Shandong Postdoctoral Innovation Project Special Foundation (201502025).

摘要: 以在建的成都-兰州(成兰)铁路某隧道出口仰坡为研究对象,研发了大型落石冲击边坡模型试验系统,该系统由模型试验台架、落石三维空间释放装置、高速摄影系统等组成,结构强度高并能满足试验过程的可视化需求。根据现场岩样实测物理力学参数,采用凡士林、硅油、水泥、细沙、重晶石粉、石膏以及滑石粉等原料,研制出现场千枚岩和砂岩的相似材料,并用于模拟边坡和落石。通过开展物理模型试验研究了近长方体落石初始滑移角度、形状、质量等3种因素对碰撞恢复系数这一落石运动轨迹模拟中关键参数的影响,同时在落石下落冲击的过程中,利用高速摄影仪和坐标卡尺记录落石完整的运动轨迹,后期通过视频处理软件分析落石与边坡碰撞前后的速度变化,根据公式计算出落石法向和切向的碰撞恢复系数。试验结果表明:随着初始滑移角度的增加,板状试件的法向、切向恢复系数分别呈减小和增大的趋势,且切向恢复系数变化更加明显;落石法向恢复系数随质量的增加呈明显减小的趋势,而切向恢复系数值变化不大;对于近长方体落石,立方体试件的法向和切向恢复系数大于厚板状试件,条形试件的两向恢复系数值受碰撞接触形态的影响,呈现两极化的趋势。最后,结合试验现象以及前人的研究成果对落石运动冲击机制进行了初步探讨。

关键词: 隧道仰坡, 危岩落石, 模型试验, 碰撞恢复系数, 冲击机制

Abstract: A large model testing system was developed to simulate the rockfall impacting the slope of tunnel exit of Chengdu-Lanzhou railway which is under construction in the southwest area of China. The system is composed of the model testing bench, three-dimensional rockfall release device and high-speed photographic system. This system with high structural strength can meet the visual requirements in the testing process. Based on the measured physical and mechanical parameters of rock specimens, similar materials to phyllite and sandstone were developed to simulate slopes and rockfall by mixing with different proportions of vaseline, silicone oil, cement, fine sand, barite powder, gypsum and talcum powder. The effects of the initial slip angle, shape and mass of cuboid rockfall on the coefficients of restitution were studied through the physical model tests. Besides, a high-speed camera and coordinate callipers were adopted to record the complete trajectories of rock blocks during the rockfall process. At last, a video processing software was employed to analyze the variation of velocity before and after the collision between the rockfall and the slope, and the normal and tangential restitution coefficients of the rockfall were calculated by formulas. The testing results showed that with the increase of the initial slip angle, the normal restitution coefficient of the plate specimen increased, whereas the tangential restitution coefficient decreased and its variation was more obvious. The normal restitution coefficient had a remarkable decreasing trend with an increase of rock mass, but the tangential restitution coefficient seldom changed. For cuboid rock blocks, the normal and tangential restitution coefficients of cuboid specimens are larger than those of thick plate specimens. The normal and tangential restitution coefficients of strip specimens exhibited a polarisation trend due to different contact forms. Finally, the impact mechanism of rockfall was explored according to testing results and previous research results.

Key words: tunnel heading slope, dangerous rock collapse, model test, restitution coefficient, impact mechanism

中图分类号: 

  • O 319.56

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