在地质环境下，岩石表现出众多复杂的工程特性和现象，且都与其内部微细结构的形态和变化有关。定量给出岩石细观结构特征参数并研究其与宏观力学作用之间的关系，能够进一步了解岩石的力学变形特性。对某水电站引水隧洞围岩大理岩试样破坏断裂断口采用电镜扫描，得到断口处的SEM大量信息，然后利用计算机图像处理分析技术，借助模式识别理论，以微细结构要素的信息提取和量化为主要的研究内容，探讨了岩石微细结构与宏观力学行为的关系。通过定量的岩石细观结构试验研究，从细观尺度了解岩石破坏机制具有重要意义，对分析和评价岩石的工程性质及其对工程建设的适应性也有着明显的现实性。

In the geological environment, the rocks show many complex engineering features and phenomena, both associated with its form and change of internal fine structure. The characteristic parameters of rock microscopic structure are given quantitatively; and its relationship with macro-mechanics is studied, and then to further understand the mechanics of rock deformation. In order to research the relationship between rock mesomechanical structure and macroscopic mechanical behavior, the technique of SEM is applied to marble fracture of surrounding rock in diversion tunnel of a hydropower project; and a lot of information of SEM in fracture is obtained. The main research content is information abstraction and measurement of mesomechanical structure with computer image processing and analysis techniques and pattern recognition principle. By the quantitative experimental study of rock microscopic structure; it is a great significance to learn from the microscopic scale that the failure mechanism of rock. It also has an obvious reality to analyzie and evaluate engineering properties of rocks and the adaptability of the construction.

国家自然科学基金雅砻江联合基金重点项目（No. 50639070）资助。