跨断层的隧道结构在汶川地震中破坏严重，这说明传统的抗减震技术已不能保证高烈度地震区隧道结构的安全。为此，研发了可变形抗减震措施。通过振动台模型试验，考察了采用该类型措施的隧道结构地震响应特征与震后破坏形态。结果表明：跨断层隧道结构设置减震缝，可以有效减小结构的内力值和应变值；套管式可变形结构可以有效保护主套管上部结构和被套管，但主套管下部结构破坏严重；套管式可变结构提高了隧道的防水性且震后易于修复，整体性能优于减震缝；采用可变形抗减震结构的同时，必须提高衬砌混凝土的强度；不论采用何种抗减震措施，隧道结构的拱脚和仰拱是抗震加固的重点部位。研究成果可以为高烈度地震区隧道结构的抗震设防提供参考。

Fault-crossing tunnel structures were severely damaged by fault movement during Wenchuan Earthquake. This phenomenon demonstrates that traditional aseismic technologies cannot guarantee the security of tunnel and underground structures. Therefore, new types of deformable aseismic and damping measures have to be developed for tunnel and underground structures. Shaking table tests are conducted to investigate seismic response characteristics and post-seismic destructive patterns of tunnel structures with these measures. The results show that the absorbing joint can reduce the internal forces and the strains of fault-crossing tunnel structures. The casing-shape damping measure can effectively protect both the inner casing and most parts of outer casing structures except for the arch springing and tunnel invert of the outer casing. The casing-shape damping measure performs better than the absorbing joint, since the former can improve the waterproofing quality and recoverability of tunnel structures besides the aseismic capacity. It is necessary to enhance the intensity of secondary lining concrete when using deformable aseismic and damping measures. No matter what kind of aseismic measures are employed, the arch springing and tunnel invert parts are needed to be reinforced. The above research results can provide references for seismic fortification of tunnel and underground structures across geological hazards zones.