针对冲击地压过程的能量传递与耗散，基于块系围岩与支护系统动力模型，研究冲击扰动在岩体中传播时，围岩与支护特性对能量传递与耗散的影响，通过岩体和支护中的阻尼吸能作用对支护端岩块的动能变化进行分析。经分析表明：支护端岩块的冲击能量是可控的，当增大围岩中局部岩块间的阻尼作用时，支护端岩块的动能明显下降，有效地吸收了冲击能量，同时局部岩块间的阻尼分散作用在相邻两个块体间的吸能效果相比于集中作用时更好；当增大支护中的阻尼作用时，相比于同样的围岩中阻尼变化，其吸收冲击能量的效果较弱。当围岩与支护中的阻尼共同作用进行吸能防冲时，应以岩体主动吸能为主，支护被动吸能为辅进行统一吸能防冲，由此提出围岩与支护统一吸能防冲理论，为吸收冲击能量防御冲击地压动力灾害提供思路。

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of surrounding rock and the behavior of support on energy transmission and dissipation when stress wave generated by impact loading propagates in rock mass. Based on a dynamic model of surrounding rock block and support system, the kinetic energy of the rock block around the support is analyzed to study the damping of absorbed energy. It is found that the impact energy of rock block around the support is controllable. When the damping of local rock blocks increase, the kinetic energy of the rock block around the support substantially decreases and the impact energy is absorbed effectively. Meanwhile, the effect of dissipated damping between the local block rocks is better in absorption of energy than that of the concentrated damping. When the damping of support increases, the ability of absorbing impact energy is lower than that of the surrounding rock with the same level of damping. When the combined dampings of surrounding rock and support are applied to absorb energy and to counteract impact energy, surrounding rock is regarded as the primary medium to actively absorb energy, and the support is the supplemented medium to passively absorb energy. Based on these characteristics, a new theory of energy absorption and anti-impact is developed, which provides a new approach to preventing dynamic disaster of rockburst.