To explore the chemical erosion phenomena, the chemical compositions of the spring water, seeping water and rainwater in Longmen Grottoes area are analyzed; and chemical solutions with different compositions are artificially made, which are in turn used to study the mechanical properties and the chemical solubility of Longmen Grottoes limestone under influences of different chemical solutions. The strength damage characteristics of the limestone are obtained based on the mechanical experiments with respect to different solutions and different erosion durations. A time-dependent corrosion equation of uniaxial compressive strength for limestone is developed under different chemical solutions. Based on the chemical kinetic tests on limestone under the effects of the different chemical solutions and for different erosion durations, the solubility of limestone eroded by different chemical solutions is addressed. The chemical dynamic erosion equations of limestone are developed. The analysis indicates that the strength of limestone decreases due to the dissolution of chemical solutions under chemical erosion. The salt effect and the common ion effect significantly influence the dissolution rate and strength of limestone. The salt effect can raise the dissolution rate, while the common ion effect can reduce the dissolution rate. When the composition and concentration of the solution are the same, the stronger the acidity, the larger the dissolution rate is. The dissolution rate of limestone increases with the increase of salt concentration when the composition and the pH value of the solution are the same.