In order to study the capacity characteristics of surrounding rock system, laboratory model tests with different sizes and embedded depths of anchorage are conducted. The results show that the contact area of anchorage and surrounding rock first reaches its limits; the anchorage has small deformation; the stress gradually spreads to surrounding rock; the deformation occurs on the surface. Eventually, the anchorage has catastrophe displacement; and the cracks appear on the surface of surrounding rock. According to the load-displacement curve of anchorage and rock surface and internal additional stress, the bearing capacity has been studied. Because the III surrounding rock does not satisfy the similar ratio, the numerical method has been proposed for distortion correction. Consequently, for the similarity model test of original geological model, the allowable load is 30f where, f is the design load, and the ultimate load is 50f. The research results can provide reference for the design and construction of similar projects.