岩土力学 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 461-472.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2022.0450

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

考虑页岩层理剪切滑移的水力裂缝几何参数计算方法

杨焕强1, 2, 3，刘杨4，张晴晴1, 2, 3，熊冬5   

  1. 1. 长江大学 石油工程学院，湖北 武汉 430100；2. 长江大学 油气钻完井技术国家工程研究中心，湖北 武汉 430100；3. 长江大学 油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430100；4. 中石油新疆油田开发公司，新疆 克拉玛依 834000；5. 中国石油大学（北京）石油工程学院，北京 102249）
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-06 接受日期:2022-09-15 出版日期:2023-02-10 发布日期:2023-02-17
  • 作者简介:杨焕强，男，1985年生，博士，副教授，主要从事页岩气体积压裂裂缝扩展数理模型及数值算法方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（No. 51704037）。

Calculation method for geometric parameters of hydraulic fracture considering shear slip of shale bedding

YANG Huan-qiang1, 2, 3, LIU Yang4, ZHANG Qing-qing1, 2, 3, XIONG Dong5   

  1. 1. College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China; 3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China; 4. PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Development Company, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China; 5. College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2022-04-06 Accepted:2022-09-15 Online:2023-02-10 Published:2023-02-17
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51704037).

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摘要：

针对现有页岩气体积压裂层理裂缝扩展模型及其计算方法研究的不足，基于三点弯曲试验，结合数字图像法获取了页岩层理关键力学参数；利用弹性力学理论和线弹簧模型建立了页岩气体积压裂层理裂缝扩展拟三维数学模型，并得到了试验验证；开发了裂缝几何参数计算程序，计算分析了层理参数与压裂施工参数对水力裂缝扩展的影响规律。结果表明：当层理刚度小于10 GPa/m 及大于30 GPa/m 时，剪切滑移量达到极大值及极小值，且基本保持不变，当层理刚度在 10～30 GPa/m之间时，层理刚度与剪切滑移量呈线性负相关关系；当层理密度为 5～7条时，主裂缝会沟通更多的层理；当层理强度为 5～8 MPa时，水力裂缝易穿层扩展，且能使层理产生剪切滑移，从而生成复杂裂缝；当压裂液排量和压裂液黏度分别在 9～12 m3/ min和 2.5～5 mPa·s 范围内时，水力裂缝易穿层扩展，最终形成十字型裂缝，有助于复杂裂缝的形成。该研究对认识页岩层理力学性能及其对层理裂缝扩展规律的影响有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 页岩层理, 体积压裂, 三点弯曲, 拟三维模型, 剪切滑移

Abstract:

In view of the inadequacy of existing research on the bedding fracture propagation model of shale gas volume fracturing and its calculation method, the mechanical characteristic parameters of shale bedding were obtained by three-point bending (TPB) test combined with digital image method. A pseudo-three-dimensional (P3D) mathematical model of hydraulic fracture propagation in shale gas volume fracturing was established by the utilization of elastic mechanics and line spring model, which was verified by laboratory experiments. A calculation program for geometric parameters of shale bedding fractures was developed to calculated and analyzed the influence of bedding parameters and fracturing engineering parameters on the distribution of hydraulic fracture. The results show that the amount of shear slip reaches a maximum value and a minimum value when the bedding stiffness is less than  10 GPa/m and greater than 30 GPa/m, and keeps basically unchanged. And the bedding stiffness is linearly negatively correlated with the shear slip when the bedding stiffness is in the range of 10–30 GPa/m. The main fracture will communicate with more beddings when the bedding density is in the range of 5–7. The hydraulic fracture is easy to penetrate the bedding and can lead to the bedding shear slip when the bedding strength is in the range of 5–8 MPa, thereby generating a complex fracture network. Moreover, the hydraulic fracture is also inclined to pass through the bedding when the pumping rate and viscosity of fracturing fluid are in the range of 9–12 m3/min and 2.5–5 mPa·s, respectively, and finally a cross-shaped fracture is formed, which is conducive to the formation of complex fractures. This study has a certain guiding significance for understanding the mechanical properties of shale and its influence on the propagation regulation of hydraulic fracture.

Key words: shale bedding plane, volume fracturing, three-point bending (TPB), pseudo-three- dimensional (P3D) model, shear slip

中图分类号: TU 452
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