岩土力学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1919-1933.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1023CSTR: 32223.14.j.rsm.2024.1023

• 数值分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

恒定法向刚度边界条件下受剪岩石裂隙非线性渗流特性的数值模拟研究

刘杰1，钟伦伟1，钟振1，张宪尚2，隆清明2，应鹏3   

  1. 1. 绍兴文理学院 深部金属矿智能开采与装备全国重点实验室，浙江 绍兴 312000；2. 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 煤矿灾害防控全国重点实验室，重庆 400037；3. 浙江交投高速公路建设管理有限公司，浙江 杭州 310000
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16 接受日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-06-11 发布日期:2025-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 张宪尚，男，1987年生，博士，副研究员，主要从事岩石力学方面的研究。E-mail: zxshang_cumt@126.com
  • 作者简介:刘杰，男，1986年生，博士，讲师，主要从事裂隙岩体结构表征及流固耦合效应方面的研究。E-mail: liujie518620@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（No.52204261，No.52179112）；重庆市杰出青年科学基金（No.CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0014）；绍兴市科技计划项目（No.2023A13005）；教育部产学合作协同育人项目（No.231004691113439）。

Numerical simulation of nonlinear flow behavior of fractures in rock subjected to shear under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions

LIU Jie1, ZHONG Lun-wei1, ZHONG Zhen1, ZHANG Xian-shang2, LONG Qing-ming2, YING Peng3   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Deep Metal Mining and Equipment, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, China Coal Technology Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 400037, China; 3. Zhejiang Jiaotou Expressway Construction Management Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
  • Received:2024-08-16 Accepted:2024-12-26 Online:2025-06-11 Published:2025-06-10
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52204261, 52179112), the Chongqing Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0014), the Shaoxing Scientific and Technological Project (2023A13005) and the Industry-University Cooperative Education Project of the Ministry of Education (231004691113439).

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摘要： 深部岩石裂隙在剪切过程中形貌不断发生改变，导致裂隙渗流特性极其复杂，进而影响深部岩体工程的稳定性。为探明恒定法向刚度（constant normal stiffness，简称CNS）边界条件下岩石裂隙的剪切渗流特性，基于分形理论构建了不同粗糙度三维自仿射裂隙面，采用考虑裂隙粗糙度退化的剪切数值方法分析了不同CNS边界条件下裂隙岩石剪切过程中几何形貌参数的演变规律。随后利用COMSOL软件对受剪后的裂隙进行渗流计算，研究了法向刚度、剪切位移和分形维数对裂隙非线性渗流特性的影响。结果表明：（1）裂隙的力学开度随着分形维数的增大而增大，但法向刚度的增加会减缓其增长速度；接触率主要受法向刚度控制，并随其增大而增大。（2）裂隙渗流的压力梯度与流量关系能够用Forchheimer定律准确描述，拟合系数A和B随剪切位移的增大呈幂函数减小趋势，随法向刚度的增加而增加，随裂隙分形维数的增加而减小。（3）裂隙的水力开度随分形维数的增加而增加，随法向刚度的增加而减小，并建立了以力学开度和开度标准差为自变量的水力开度模型。（4）裂隙渗流的临界雷诺数随剪切位移的增加先减小后增大，并随分形维数和法向刚度的增加而减小，以裂隙的分形维数、接触率和水力开度模型为基础，建立了CNS条件下剪切裂隙的临界雷诺数计算拟合公式。

关键词: 恒定法向刚度, 剪切渗流, 水力开度, 临界雷诺数

Abstract: The morphology of deep rock fractures continuously changes during shear, leading to complex flow characteristics that affect the stability of deep rock engineering. To clarify the shear and flow characteristics of rock fractures under constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions, three-dimensional self-affine fracture surfaces with different roughness coefficients were constructed using fractal theory. A numerical method accounting for roughness degradation due to shear was employed to analyze the evolution of fracture morphology parameters under different CNS conditions. Subsequently, COMSOL software was utilized to calculate the flow of fractures after shear. The effects of normal stiffness, shear displacement and fractal dimension on nonlinear flow characteristics of fractures were studied. The results show: (1) The mechanical aperture of the fracture increases with the fractal dimension, but the increase in normal stiffness slows down its growth rate. The contact ratio is primarily controlled by normal stiffness and increases as it increases. (2) The relationship between the pressure gradient and flow rate of fracture seepage can be well described by Forchheimer law. The fitting coefficients A and B show a power function decrease trend with the increase of shear displacement, increase with the increase of normal stiffness, and decrease with the increase of fracture fractal dimension. (3) The hydraulic aperture of the fracture increases with the increase of fractal dimension, and decreases with the increase of normal stiffness. A hydraulic aperture model with mechanical aperture and aperture standard deviation as independent variables has been established. (4) The critical Reynolds number for the fracture flow initially decreases and then increases with the increase of shear displacement, and decreases with the increase of fractal dimension and normal stiffness. A formula for calculating the critical Reynolds number of sheared fractures under CNS conditions has been established based on fracture fractal dimension, contact ratio, and hydraulic aperture model.

Key words: constant normal stiffness, shear flow, hydraulic aperture, critical Reynolds number

中图分类号: TU452
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