Abstract: The Martian soil, serving as the primary support medium for the landing of Mars rovers, is of paramount importance for the success of exploration missions owing to its unique engineering and geological properties. By focusing on the latest advancements in Mars in-situ exploration technology, this study summarizes the physical and mechanical properties of Martian soil in potential landing areas and delves into the potential, limitations, and specific applications of various methods in Martian soil research, including penetration testing, robotic arm sampling, drilling techniques, geophysical exploration, and space remote sensing technologies. Furthermore, the potential application of piezocone penetration test (CPTU) technology in future Martian soil exploration is prospected. Given CPTU's efficient capability in assessing soil mechanical properties in terrestrial engineering, it exhibits significant potential for Martian soil exploration. This advanced technology is anticipated to provide more precise and comprehensive data support for deep space exploration activities such as site selection for Mars landing missions, construction of scientific research stations, and resource extraction plans. However, given the marked differences between Mars and Earth in terms of material composition, structural characteristics, and environmental conditions, the adaptive development and modification of CPTU equipment represent crucial scientific and technical challenges. Moving forward, with the continual advancement of deep space exploration technology, extensive research in this field will undoubtedly lay a solid foundation for Mars exploration and even more ambitious missions beyond.

Key words: Martian soil, engineering geology, in-situ detection technology, piezocone penetration test