Abstract: To tackle the challenges posed by significant large deformation and intense dynamic pressure in roadway surrounding rock subjected to multiple disturbances, this study delves into an analysis of the deformation and failure characteristics along with their influencing factors. A disturbance response instability model of the roadway surrounding rock is developed, revealing the deformation and failure mechanism under multiple disturbances and dynamic pressure. The time-dependent evolution characteristics of stress within the surrounding rock are clarified. Furthermore, a collaborative “unloading-supporting” prevention and control technology is proposed. Research findings indicates that the deformation and failure of surrounding rock in roadways subjected to multiple disturbances and dynamic pressure are governed by a combination of force source, structural, and physical property factors. The degree of damage to the surrounding rock is directly proportional to the deviatoric stress and the shock source energy, and inversely proportional to the critical failure stress of the roadway and the stress wave propagation distance. Under the influence of multiple disturbances, the deviatoric stress within the surrounding rock undergoes both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations, leading to stress transfer and intensification, with a weak failure zone forming at the stress concentration areas near the shoulder and bottom corners of the roadway. Dynamic loading exacerbates the differential failure of the surrounding rock, which evolves over time under static load conditions. The maximum acceleration of the surrounding rock increases exponentially with rising shock source energy. Moreover, multiple disturbances lower the critical impact failure energy of the roadway, enabling lower impact energies to induce dynamic load failure. The axial force of bolts and cables in the surrounding rock increases exponentially with both the disturbance coefficient and the shock source energy. When the shock source energy surpasses the critical impact energy and the disturbance coefficient rises, the stress response of the bolts and cables escalates accordingly. Three-dimensional pressure relief technology applied to roadway surrounding rock can fracture the far-field shock source layer, alter the near-field stress transfer path, and achieve active regulation of the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock. The full-section targeted control support technology enhances the synergistic support and deformation synchronization of surrounding rock across different layers and key areas. Following the implementation of the “unloading-supporting” collaborative prevention and control measures in the field, the deformation of roadway surrounding rock under multiple disturbances was reduced by 36.1%-76.0%, and the stress level decreased by 12.3%-31.4%. The plastic zone was significantly reduced, and roadway stability was markedly improved.

Key words: multiple disturbances, dynamic pressure roadway, deviatoric stress, shock source, disturbance coefficient