In this paper, an equivalent continuum model for rock mass which consists of joints and rock is proposed by averaging the stress and strain of rock mass in a volume element. Using the theory of damage mechanics and fracture mechanics, the damage tensor, effective stress tensor and damage strain ,etc. of rock mass are defined, propagation equation of damage is developed. Furthermore, the damage fracture model for jointed rock mass is established. The fracture mode of joints is studied by model tests.

Ryugyong Hotel in Pyongyang, DPRK, is a 105-storey skyscraper with a high of 323.55m and its foundation mainly consists of fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and silty slate clay. The former involves about 50% of the total formation. A modified borehole jack was used to measure the Young' s modulus of the base rock. Unlike Goodman Jack suggested by ISRM, BJ-110 Borehole Jack gives the true rock modulus directly without any correction. The results show that the elastic modulus of fine-grained sandstone ranges from 6-14GPa, and those of siltstone and silty slate clay about 21GPa and less than 3GPa respectively. The settlement observation was carried out during construction. According to the total weight and the settlements observed, the average calculated modulus of the foundation is about 6GPa, approximately coincidents with the measured one To obtain the average modulus of the foundation before construction, a method will be introduced in this paper.

The entire and partial safety evaluation problems of rock slope are studied under the simplest condition. In order to predict the potential unsafety factors and their location in rock mass, the concepts of zero-force element and zero-force boundary are given, and then, illustrated by the example that the maximum height exist in the rapid slope.

In this paper, the mapping between reference region and physical region is built in advance by harmonic function, and which is extended to the transformation between triangular regions. Then all of the nodal coordinates in physical region are obtained by the numerical solutions of two Dirichlet’s problems through F.E.A. Finally, it is detailed that some sub-regions are combined a real region with joints or holes, according to their top logic relationships. The flow-chart of program and calculating examples are given in this paper.

The deformation failure of the galleries in unfavorable rock formations in Jinchuan is well-known in China, which is the crux affecting the production costs and the mining construction of Jinchuan Nonferrous Metal Company. The company, for many years, has invited a great number of researchers from dosens of scientific institutes, univeisities and engineering design departments to tackle this crux problem, centering on controlling the earth pressure on the galleries and obtained a certain number of significant achievements. However, to have a real grasp of the earth pressure law of Jinchuan unfavorable rock formations and to make a set of measures to control effectively the pressure acting on the galleries in a ruptured rock mass with a high geostress, one must carry out further thorough research. What is described in this paper is an example to tame the deformation failure of the Jinchuan galleries in a high-stressed ruptured rock mass by means of secondary supporting method using the spout anchorge supporting system.

Numerical technique of determining utilization coefficeint of explosion energy is given through mechanical analysis on explosion of the spherical charge in rocks. The computing examples showed that the utilization coefficeint of energy is about 50% in the blasting mainly for rupturing rocks, and the energy transmission ratio is about 40%. In addition, the closer wave impedances of both rock and explosive, the higher the utilization coefficeint of energy.

Surrounding rocks of GPSH ( Guangzhou Pumped Storage Hydroplant) are treated as isotropic medium or orthotropic jointed rocks. Directed back analyses of measured displacements from observation section in access gallery and exhaust gallery of main transformer house are made by simplex acceleration method. A number of mechanical parameters of rock mass and in-situ ground stresses are obtained and compared with measured data.

Riedel Shear is a common reverse phenomenon in geological research, which goes against the theoretical failure criterion in rock mechanics. From the point of view of strain-stress theory, the mechanism of this structure mode is discussed in this paper in combination with the systimatical analysis to a typical practice case.

This paper describes the correlativity between physical-structural characteristics and wave velocities in kaolinite. The relationships between density, water content and wave velocities, dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus are mainly discussed, and their relational expressions are given. In addition, the influence of structural property of kaolinite to wave velocities and dynamic mechanical parameters are analyzed.

In order to measure elastic modulus of rock in a borehole, Type BEM-1-D76 Jack was developed by our institute. In this paper, working principle, targets and measuring method of this jack are introduced. It's practical applications in a region with high stress are given. In addition, the jack are compared with other similar jacks in abroad. It is shown that Type BEM-1-D76 Jack is a new effective instrument for measuring deformation behavior of rock mass.

Model HA-1 Soil Thermal Parameter Finder ,developed by Inst. of Rock and Soil Mech. Academia Sinica, is fitted out with an automatic system of data acquisition and processing which takes a KC-85 micro-computer as its principal part. This automatic system can make real-time data acquisition and processing and print and plot testing results automatically, thereby the soil thermal parameters will be determined rapidly and accurately. This paper deals briefly with the composition, function, interface principle of the system 11s well as the essentials of programming.

According to the damage mechanism of rock materials, a set of constitutive equations with temperature effect taken into account has been obtained by means of introducing two damage variables into endochronic theory. The constitutive equations can be used to describe the rock material deformation process at different temperatures and under different loadings. The damage variables represent respectively hydrostatic stress decrease in void rate and fracture due to deviatoric stresses. The parameters in the constitutive equations can be determined by uniaxial stress-strain curves. Experiments on marble samples have been performed in the temperature range of 20℃-500℃ at an interval of 50℃ and all material parameters in constitutive equations were determined by experimental results.

Based on reviewing the published papers on the multi-reaction of lime-soil system, this paper makes a wide range of discussed on the physio-mechanical properties of stabilized soil. Besides the macro-properties, the micro-mechanism of strengthened soil is also studied. With powder X-ray diffraction, it has been shown that the cementitions material—Calcium Silicate( Aluminate) Hydrate (CS(A)H) is produced by the slowly lime-soil reaction during long curing time or high temperature circumstance, using prosimetry analysis, it is suggested that the cemetitions material increases in quantity with the curing time and results in a gradual replacement of capillary pore space with fine gel pores. The micro-fabric of soil samples indifferent ages under the scanning electric microscope sheds some light on setting the relation between strength increase and curing time, that is the producing of CSH gel, then forms a poorly crystallized material which can make a strong bonding of soil particles. Other chemical additives’ role in increasing strength and factors that may possiblely influence the effect of lime stabilization in practical application are also approached.

The inverse problems, with a bright future are in the forefront of both theoretical and applicational science researches within the international scope. Especially the studies in exploring the variations of physical parameters in closing objects by using acoustic wave or seismic wave methods are paid great attention to, because of its relation with many domains such as mathematics, mechanics, physics and computer science and its wide applications in geological exploration, engineering and medicine. This sort of problems can be included in the category of determining coefficients terms in a partial differential equations in mathematics. The previous researches are based on the elastic media model. A model of coefficient inverse problems of wave equation in viscoelastic media is proposed in this paper, which describes characteristics of geological media more truly. The finite element method and the least-squares inversion process are used to solve the inverse question of plane viscoelastic wave equation in the frequency domain. A numerical perturbational algorithm has also been employed for obtaining the gradient matrix quickly and accurately. Singular Values Decomposition (SVD) produces significant improvements in computational precision. Based on above-mentioned studies, the authors have compiled the computational programs. Some numerical examples, showing the validity and practicality of the model and the numerical algorithm, are also given.

Based on load transferring concept, this paper presents new method of analyzing negative friction of piles. This method is not only suitable for an end-bearing pile but also for a friction pile. Some comparisons are made between measured and predicted distribution of down drag forces of piles in layered strata. The results show that the agreement between theory and observation is satisfactory.

An endochronic dilation model for marine soils on the basis of Gibbs free energy and stress intrinsic time scale is presented and used to found pore water pressure(pwp) equation to predict pwp under undrained uniform or non-uniform cyclic ocean-wave loadings. The equation is used for performing numerical simulation and prediction to some previous and writer’s cyclic test data. It is shown that equation provides a reasonable description for pwp under undrained cyclic loadings. The model is concise and its basic parameters are few and easy to decide. It is convenient to apply the model to the analysis of liquefaction potential under ocean-wave loading. The mechanism the progressive increase of pwp during undrained cyclic loading is also illustrated well by the model.

The properties of a newly-developed polymeric material, shotcrete for increasing tenacity and strength are described firstly, then the assessment is made, through lab, and field tests, on the effects of tenacity and strength increasement of this material. And finally the exploratory research is carried out to the mechanism of tenacity and strength increasing effects.

A brief introduction is given to the properties of model RAP-1 dynamic pile testing apparatus and more detailed descriptions are given to the functions, operation SAMPLE /D sampling soft-ware system and PAP/4A analyzing soft-ware system of RAP-1 as well as to the auto-processing for pile testing data from dynamic parameter method Case method. SAMPLE/D and PAP/4A are complete in function and easy to operate, which can compensate the inadequate waveforms caused by the changes of some conditions in field measuring and reduce the errors in data analyzing. They can not only he used for in-situ real time analyses but also for analyses after testing.

Expert system is a newly developed discipline. It has been widely used in various fields. This paper analyzes the properties of expert system and evaluates the expert system application in geotechnical engineering.

In this paper, a new method of dual secondary coils for linear variable differential transformer(LVDT) transducer is described. The transducer has the capability to compensate the variation in ambient temperature and the influence of factor with an unstable transducer's excitation, etc. The experimental results show this compensating transducer is stable and suitable to both favorable and unfavorable environments.

A kind of special strain-gauge with large strain capacity has been developed and applied in the measurement of tensile deformation for geotextiles. A variety of feasibility tests of tensile deformation measurement with a large capacity strain-gauge for soft material, geotextiles are presented in detail. The tests for reinforcement of soft foundation both in lab. and in field are made with the help of this kind of strain-gauge. Many key technical problems of large capacity strain-gauge applied in deformation measurement for geotextiles are found and solved through lots of tests.

The calculation method and results of cyclic displacement and pore water pressure under a gravity platform foundation are presented in this paper. Those cyclic displacement and pore pressure are caused by the wave-load during a severe storm. The calculation of dissipation process of pore water pressure and then, of consolidated deformation are also performed. Finally, the reasonableness of the calculation method is discussed.

Series of mechanical tests have been carried out in situ and laboratory to Xintan landslip for researching its sliding mechanism and evaluating its stability. Based on these tests, C, φ parameters of the landslip before and behind the sliding have been introduced to use in the stability computations. It’s proved that the introduced mechanical parameters are suitable, the obtained Conclusion is proper, and the in-situ tests are the best.

The subsoil formed a double-layer structure during the dynamic compaction. Summarized from extensive in-situ test results, both the upper layer(A) and lower layer (B) have their own distinctions and independent each other. The interface of A and B occurs in the location of critical level of dynamic stress during the compaction, layer A is the area of densely compacted, most of the particles have a large deformation imparted by the high destructive stress, whereas layer B pertains to poorly compacted area with the character of small deformation and doesn’t lead to collapse with regardless of the number of blows. If the proper design and a treatment procedure are induced in the compaction, the upper can achieve a good bearing layer, which has a exponent increasing in bearing capacity value compared with that of to be treated, the bearing capacity of lower layer approximately to keep the average level of before treated soil even though with little fluctuated. From the practical point of view, the principle work is to entirely investigate the character and the thickness of upper layer, and to get a general knowledge to the definite depth of lower layer.

The phenomenon and cause of non-uniform distribution of pore water pressure in the torsional and triaxial shear tests are theoretically discussed in detail at first. According to the laboratorial studying and theoretical inferring, we then concluded that the critical axial strain in the triaxial shear tests is 0.15% and the critical shear strain in the torsional shear tests is 5.2% if the silt samples are subjected to a cyclic loading with the period of 8 second. Therefore, in the triaxial shear tests, we had better measure the pore water pressure at the center of silt samples, or rectify the pore water pressure measured at the basement. But in the torsional shear tests, it is feasible to measure the pore water pressure directly at the basement of the samples.

By the use of microscopic analyses and macroscopic tests, in this paper, the physical-chemical properties of the red clay in Shaoguan, Guangdong and the effects of some artificial treatments to its mechanical properties are studied. Although the red clay samples were from Shaoguan, the problems discussed here would be of universal significance for the red clays in other reigon.

An approach to the significance of the research of the stability management of open mining slopes, from the angle of scientific management, is dealt with in this paper; a detailed description in given to the substantial points about the above mentioned stability management; in addition, the prediction of landslips of slope rockmasses and the right time to treat and to reinforce the slides are also discussed in the paper, which has a practical significance to ensure safety in production.

A brief introduction is given to the basis, standard, procedure, method and measure of trench-checking for large-diameter hole injection piles and to the inspection and quality checking in the pile foundation construction.

In this paper, using static cone penetration test, borehole specimen test, dynamic loading test、static loading test and controlling the grouting quantity to monitor the quality of soil-cement pile in construction is presented, it is very useful for practical engineering constriction.

In this paper, a new type of large soil triaxial machine in detailed. The instrument which is composed of machine measurement and electrical measurement and automatic measurement with microcomputer, has the following functions: automatic monitor, control, analysis, printing and plotting. This paper also principally introduces the design method of software and hardware, working principle and its application example, that Fushung Branch of Coal Academia Sinica used this instrument to study stability of slope of an open pit, and bad gained satisfactory results.