岩土力学 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 2535-2544.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2021.0066

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

油气钻井中的分离式冲击−切削复合破岩机制研究

蔡灿1, 2, 3，张沛1，孙明光4，杨迎新1, 2, 3，谢松1，蒲治成1， 杨显鹏1，高超1，谭政博1   

  1. 1. 西南石油大学 机电工程学院，四川 成都 610599；2. 西南石油大学 油气钻井技术国家工程实验室钻头研究室，四川 成都 610599； 3. 西南石油大学 油气藏地质与开发国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610599；4. 中国石油化工股份有限公司 石油工程技术研究院，北京 100020
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-12 修回日期:2021-03-16 出版日期:2021-09-10 发布日期:2021-08-30
  • 作者简介:蔡灿，男，1988年生，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，主要从事钻具设计及高效破岩理论、高压射流理论与新技术、超临界CO2技术及应用等研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金项目（No.52004236）；四川省科技计划项目（No.2021JDRC0114）；中国博士后面上基金（No.2020M673285）；西南石油大学“启航计划”（No.2019QHZ009）；中国石油化工集团有限公司横向项目（No.19-ZC0609-0001）

Mechanism of rock breaking under combining of separated impact and cutting in oil and gas drilling

CAI Can1, 2, 3, ZHANG Pei1, SUN Ming-guang4, YANG Ying-xin1, 2, 3, XIE Song1, PU Zhi-cheng1, YANG Xian-peng1, GAO Chao1, TAN Zheng-bo1   

  1. 1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610599, China; 2. Drill Bit Institute, National Engineering Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610599, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610599, China; 4. Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2021-01-12 Revised:2021-03-16 Online:2021-09-10 Published:2021-08-30
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004236), the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021JDRC0114), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundaton(2020M673285), the Starting Project of Southwest Petroleum University (2019QHZ009) and the Research Project for SINOPE(19-ZC0609-0001).

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摘要： 近年来高频冲击类钻井提速理论及工具飞速发展，有效解决了聚晶金刚石复合片（polycrystalline diamond compact，简称PDC）钻头在复杂难钻地层存在的黏滑、回弹震荡等问题，但PDC齿在冲击载荷下的失效问题较为突出。为此，提出了一种新型分离式冲击-切削复合钻头，有效地解决冲击载荷对PDC齿寿命的不利影响。该钻头与传统冲击类工具作用机制不同，破岩机制尚不明确，亟需开展相关研究。基于新型分离式冲击?切削复合破岩形式，分别开展了单元齿冲击、切削以及两者不同组合形式下的破岩试验研究，并进行了相应的数值分析。结果表明，冲击齿冲击岩石形成冲击坑后，冲击波在岩石内部进一步传递，降低了冲击坑附近区域岩石的强度，有效地减少了切削时切削齿所受切削力，提高了破碎体积。同时基于正交试验，对冲击速度、冲击角度以及冲击坑与切削齿偏移距离等因素进行参数敏感性分析，研究了不同冲击参数对冲击-切削复合破岩的影响。上述研究揭示了冲击-切削复合破岩机制以及冲击齿与切削齿最佳组合方式，对油气钻井中的冲击破岩工具设计研究具有重要参考价值。

关键词: 冲击钻井, 破岩机制, 冲击-切削复合破岩, 试验研究, 数值分析

Abstract: High-frequency impact drilling speed-up theories and its tools have rapid developed in recent year, and effectively solve the problem of the stick-slip, rebound and vibration of PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit in complex wellbore. However, the failure of PDC teeth under impacting load remains serious. For this reason, a new type of drill bit combining of separated impact and cutting is proposed, this drill bit can effectively solve the adverse effect of impact load on the service life of PDC teeth. The rock breaking of the drill bit is totally different from that of traditional percussion tools, and the mechanism of the rock breaking is unclear, it is thus urgent to perform relevant study. Based on the new type of drill bit combining of separated impact and cutting, the rock breaking experiments under different combinations of unit tooth impact, cutting and their different combinations are carried out, and the corresponding numerical analysis is carried out. The results show that the rock with significant impact pit is damaged by the shock wave after the impact tooth loading, consequently, reducing the strength of the rock around impact pit. As a result, it also effectively reduces the cutting force of the cutting teeth during cutting, and increases the crushing volume. At the same time, based on the orthogonal experiment, the parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out considering the impact speed, the impact angle and the offset distance between the impact pit and the cutting tooth. The results show that the impact speed has the greatest influence on the cutting force of the cutting tooth. The above research reveals the mechanism of rock breaking under combining of separated impact and cutting and the best combination of impact tooth and cutting tooth. The present work has important reference value for the design and research of impact drilling tools.

Key words: percussion drilling, rock breaking mechanism, impacting-cutting combining, experimental study, numerical analysis

中图分类号: TU452
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