The frequent drawdown of water level of the Yangtse River will greatly influence the stability of the widely existing slopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir zone, especially those layered ones. Apart from the fluctuating speed of water level , the different geological materials will also play important roles in the failure of slopes. Thus, it needs firstly study the mechanism of such a landslide caused by drawdown of water level. A new experimental setup has been designed to study the performance of a layered slope under the drawdown of water level. The pattern of sliding of a layered slope induced by drawdown of water level has been explored by means of simulating experiments. The influence of fluctuating speed of water level on the stability of the layered slope was probed, especially on the whole process of deformation and evolution of landslide of the slope. The experimental results showed that the slope is stable during the water level being rising, and the sliding body occurred in the upper layer of the slope under certain drawdown speed of water level. In the process of slope failure, some new small sliding bodies developed on the main sliding body, and these small sliding bodies could speed up the disassembly of the whole slope.Based on the simulating experiment about landslide of a layered slope under drawdown of water level, the whole process of the seepage velocity, the pore water pressure, and the gradient of pore water head within the slope body were calculated. The computational results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Accordingly, the mechanism of deformation and landslide of the layered slope induced by drawdown of water level was analyzed, which may provide basis for treating this kind of layered slopes in practical engineering.

The colluvial landslide is a kind of basic type of landslides; and its matter component and structure are different from other type landslides. The slope instability of colluvial landslide mostly is induced by rainfall or change of groundwater level; and groundwater plays a fateful role in the slope instability, therefore, the seepage action should be considered in the landslide stability analysis. The growth environment and characteristic of a colluvial landslide is analyzed systematically. Based on total stress method and effective stress method, a transfer coefficient method with considering seepage forces for landslide stability analysis is established. Adopting effective stress method to calculate the landslide stability factor, both the buoyancy force of groundwater to soil and seepage force should be considered; and adopting effective stress method to calculate the landslide stability factor, only seepage force should be considered. At last, an example is thoroughly analyzed; and the result shows that the transfer coefficient method with considering seepage forces for landslide stability analysis is reliable.

The hydrogeology parameters are inversed by nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）, and then the push force method to evaluate langdslide stability is modified based on unsaturated strength theory. Taking Zhaoshuling landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area for example, the stabilities of the slope at different periods when the Three Gorges reservoir water level falls at various speeds are studied systematically. The result shows that the stability coeffecient has a minimum, the larger the fall speed is, the less the minimum value is, and the earlier it happens relatively.

According the stability analysis of a large scale huge thick horizontal bedded rock slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, it is recognized that because weak surfaces, joints and the character compages of rock slope, there exist four failure modes of the horizontal bedded rock slope: collapse falling, bedding slip, cutting slip and composite slip. The stability of the bedding slip and cutting slip are calculated by using Sarma method and optimization method. The calculated results indicate that the stability of the slope is decreased after the Three Gorges Reservoir storage and the bridge building up; and cutting slip would be occurred in the slope. Some control measures must be taken. And the reservoir water level variation is the most important factor affect the stability of slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Water and unloading are important influenctial factors in fractured rock slope stability. The mechanical and physicochemical action of water on rock slope is researched. Based on elastoplastic mechanics and fracture mechanics theory; the joint growing mechanism of the slope rock under the action of compression and shearing is analyzed. The mechanism of the crack growth and propagation under the action of unloading is put forward.

Based on taboo search and limit equilibrium analysis for slope stability analysis, a new effective global searching method, taboo search for computing minimal safety factor is presented; and a corresponding model is built. This method can simultaneously determine the minimum safety factor and the corresponding critical slip surface. The proposed method is applied to the slopes stability analysis of different geometry and layering slopes. The results show that the method can get rid of the local minimization and search the global minimum safety factor of slopes.

In order to study the influence on slope stability produced by the coefficient of conductivity, descendent speed and time of reservoir’s water level, combined with a certain project, the numerical simulation of many schemes has been done. It is shown that the depth of the slip arc becomes bigger and the appearance of deep slide becomes easier with the bigger descendent speed of reservoir’s water level. The tendency of slope’s safety factor first becomes decrescent and then increscent with the decrease of the reservoir water level and the increase of the persistence of time. The critical reservoir’s water level and critical persistence of time are different for different decrescent speeds of water level. The bigger the influence on the stability of the slope produced by the coefficient of conductivity and the bigger of coefficient of conductivity, the better to the stability of the slope.

A nuclear power plant is to be constructed in Sanmen county of Zhejiang Province, where there will be a rocky slope with length of about 180 m and the maximum height of about 53 m. The distance between the slope toe and the nuclear island is about 50 m; so the stability of the slope should be evaluated. This paper applied engineering geological analogy method, stereographic projection method and finite element program MARC to evaluate the rocky slope stability. It is concluded that the slope is overall stable when the slope angle is smaller than 60°. The slope angle 55°or so is suggested for practical engineering; and grade sloping should be carried out with the height of every segment 8.0-10.0 m and the width of berm about 3.0 m.

The Lagrangian multiplier mesh is applied to simulate the contact property of the bedding plane of rock slope. The weak formulation of the Lagrangian control equations considering the contact constraint conditions and the finite element discrete equations have been derived. The suggestion method can solve the nonlinear and non-smooth problems of the mechanical response perfectly and tolerance large tangential slipping of the contact surface. A bedding rock slope of the Hu-Rong-Xi Expressway is analyzed applying the method mentioned above. The distribution rules of the displacement, stress, strain, contact state, contact friction faoce and sliding distance under the status of critical sliding are obtained. The numerical simulation results indicate that the destruction of the bedding slope is a progressive course. The interlayer stagger firstly, then the deformation evolves to creep bedding slip and the bottom rock occurs burst slide at last. The destruction model changes form the bedding slide to rock burst slide.

The application of combinatorial forecasting method to determining displacement due to slope deformation is described. It suitably combines with models of forecast, synthetically uses the very useful information in all models of forecast. At first, five models of forecast: moving average model; exponential smoothing model; exponential trend model and regression analysis model are established and then respectively forecasts to the displacement value in deformation of hazardous rock masses. Finally, the results of forecast from every model are averaged in equal weight and they are synthetically forecast again. An actual example, the forecast of displacement values at observation point of Lianziya hazardous rock masses is applied. The forecast results show that their absolute errors are less and the precision is higher. It greatly improves the steadiness and the precision of forecast.

According to natural geographical condition of Tongchuan City, the mining-induced environment rock mass engineering problems under loess slope or high hilly slope in Tongchuan coalmine diggings, are analyzed. And then a classified analysis about the affect factors of landslip disaster in high hilly slope is carried out. The evolvement mechanism of landslip disaster and ground subsidence due to construction digging or mining is also analyzed. Using CEPDF to simulate a typical example, the research results provide some referential value for predicting or controlling the hilly slope disaster in Tongchuan City.

In current slope engineering, 2D limit equilibrium method is widely used. But it isn’t enough for slopes with complex conditions of geology, groundwater, rock structure etc. 3D effect is ignored in 2D analysis, while it has great effect on complex slopes. However, 3D limit equilibrium method is not perfect at present. Therefore, a synthetical method of using both 2D and 3D limit equilibrium methods is proposed to analyze a practical slope stability. The result shows it is a good method for complicated slopes.

The shear strength of layered rocks possesses anisotropic characteristics. So in studing the slope stability and shear failure orientation the changes of with the layered directions should be considered. The expression of for layered rocks are proposed. Based on the expression, taking a bedding rock slope for example, the influences of changes of slope height, orientation of cleavage plane, loads on top of slope and specially on the stability and shear failure orientation are calculated and analyzed.

The slope stability analysis has been performed by finite elements using strength reduction controlled by temperature field. The calculation efficiency has been obviously improved. From some case studies, ?max / H, the ratio of the maximum displacement to the height of the slope, will be increasing rapidly at a certain time step. When ratio ?max / H is between 0.05 and 0.1, the reduction multiplier corresponding to the numerical non-convergence state or the ratio increasing rapidly moment is suggested to be the safety factor of the slope.

The slope rock mass stability of Pengshui Hydropower Plant is analyzed by FLAC-3D. The influence of slope excavation on its stability is analyzed. Thus, the testimony is offered for design.

Recently, limit equilibrium method is mainly used in analyzing slope stability in China. This method can not reflect the real situation in analysis of slope stability; therefore the analytical results are not very available. This paper applies fuzzy measure method advanced by Li Wen-xiu; and establishes fuzzy measure model which can quantitatively analyze the stability of rocky slopes and make some instructional sense to the practical slope engineering.

The study of rock and water interaction is very important for not only on the theory but also on the engineering practice; the anisotropic characteristics and hydraulic properties of rock mass is used in oil exploitation, radioactive waste storage etc; and then the hazards are often from the water softening,. Based on the microscopic analyses, the energy principle of anisotropic damage and fundamental equation of Biot’s coefficient are established; the two testing methods of obtained isotropic Biot’s coefficient are proposed. They are proved to be available to determinate the Biot’s parameter by sand laboratory, and anisotropy of Biot’s coefficient is also proved by the stress-strain complete process curve of triaxial compressive tests with injecting and drainage. The anisotropy of Biot’s coefficient is very important for injecting and grouting in civil engineering.

Silt soil sediment in theYellow River subaqueous delta, and its permeability is one of important geotechnical parameters of marine engineering design and seabed stability evaluation. The variation of coefficient of permeability of the Yellow River estuary seabed under cyclic loading, for example, wave, is not clarified now. Vibrant experiments in situ and in the laboratory are carried out to study the variation of coefficient of permeability along with the variation of vibration energy. It is found that the coefficient of permeability of the seabed under cyclic loading declines firstly and then increases continuously; and the extent of the variation is more than 4 times. The variation of bulk density etc. of the soil under cyclic loading is tested at the same time. Combining the observation of experimental phenomenon, the mechanism of variation of coefficient of permeability under cyclic loading is further analyzed.

The one way freezing experiment has been completed aiming for aeolian soil in west Liaoning. Change rule of temperature and influence of temperature gradient on frost heave are studied in the freezing process. For the closed and opened system, freezing and thawing experiment is finished under the condition of loading and unloading. The influence of freezing and thawing character of load and moisture to aeolian soil is tested under certain temperature so that freezing and thawing rule is obtained under temperature, load and moisture. The result of research shows that both the temperature and temperature gradient is the factor of affecting frost heave. Load mainly affect the development process of thawing and ultimate frost heave. Moisture mainly affect the development process of frost heave.

Silt in the liquefaction region of the Yellow River Delta area is studied in this paper. Liquefaction characteristics of silt under dynamic loads are analyzed on the basis of the results of indoor dynamic tri-axial tests, and the pore-water-pressure increasing model of in-situ silt is presented through simulating the pore-water-pressure response of silt to seismic loads. The characteristics and model are compared respectively with those of silty sand and silty clay to draw some conclusions.

Surrounding rock classification and rock mass quality classification are basic methods to estimate rock mass quality and stability synthetically. It is cockamamie to determine the index of rock mass basic quality (BQ) according to National Standard for Engineering Classification for Rock Mass: GB 50218-94 in China. The graph of BQ and quality classification has been executed from the BQ formulas and the clauses in Nation Standard. The BQ values and quality classification can be gotten expediently based on rock’s uniaxial saturated compression strength and intactness index of rock mass in the graph. In order to obtain conveniently physico-mechanical parameters of rock mass, the relation chart between the BQ and these parameters has been made. The practicality of the graph and chart is proved by applying them to an underground engineering.

In the classical Coulomb’s earth pressure theory, the failure surface in the backfilled cohesionless soil behind rigid retaining wall in slope engineering is assumed a plane. However, it has been proved by a number of laboratory and field tests that this failure surface is actually a curved surface. In this paper, based on the vertical differential element method and the variational principle with moveable boundary, a quadratic ordinary differential equation of the first order about the failure surface is deduced. Three cases of the equation are discussed: 1) without lateral shear force at the interface between two elements, and the back of the retaining wall is frictionless, the failure surface is a plane; 2) lateral shear force is a constant, and the back of the wall is rough, the failure surface is also a plane, the two cases above mentioned are identical to Coulomb’s theory; 3) lateral shear force increases linearly from the tip to the toe, the failure surface is a curved surface. Results show that the proposed approach can predict right failure pattern of the backfilled cohesionless soil, which is in good agreement with that of the laboratory and field tests.

The CSMR method of slope rock mass quality evaluation is introduced with a practical example of the left abutment slope at the Jinping First cascade Hydropower Station. The system has been amended by refining the compensation factor of rock discontinuity structure and introducing its connectivity rate. It is proved that the method is practicable.

The unsaturated loess exists widely in Northwest China. It has become an attention question because it has specialty engineering property such as the collapsibility and low bearing capacity and come into being strictness harm to engineering. The process of form and development, microstructure property, mineral and chemistry constitution of loess are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the relations of the collapsibility with inundation time, water content, saturation and pressure are obtained. It affords the foundation of engineering design and construction.

Four kinds of laboratory experiments, those are vacuum preloading, surcharge preloading, vacuum combined surcharge preloading and each direction equal loading, were made to study the consolidation character of soil. The result shows that the deformation and improvement of soil of vacuum preloading is more close to that of each direction equal loading. The vertical deformation of vacuum preloading sample is smaller than that of surcharge preloading; and the improvement degree of soil under vacuum preloading is better than that under surcharge preloading. The vertical deformation of vacuum combined surcharge preloading sample is larger than that of vacuum preloading; and the improvement degree of soil of vacuum combined surcharge preloading is better than that of surcharge preloading. As a whole, the vacuum combined surcharge preloading is most effective to improve the soft soil.

A new nine-parameter rheological constitutive model is applied to rheological analysis of Shuibuya Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam(CFRD), rockfill body rheological mechanism is also discussed from the experimental viewpoint. The computed results show that the dam settlement duration curve which is based on 3-D simulation results is super accordant with the practical data. The results prove nine-parameter rheological constitutive model’s validity and feasibility.

By using the grey correlation method, the experimental data of chemical ingredients and slaking index are analyzed. Analysis show that the unstable clay minerals always have the highest influence on the slake property of soft rock; and different chemical ingredients have different influences on the slake property. Pure water, sodium chloride, calcium chloride and ferric chloride solutions are used as a slaking fluid to test the slaking property of a selected specimen. Results show that the selected specimens have greater slake intensity in pure water while less in the three selected salt solutions, especially in calcium chloride solutions. Based on those analysis and study, the slake control method of red beds soft rock used in road construction is to water on the red beds soft rock before construction to fast its slake and mix lime to soft rock when construction to depress its slaking.

Taking the granite and silicon card rock of the Shizhuyuan Mining for samples, the experimental studies of AE characteristic and testing of acoustic wave are carried out. The longitudinal wave speed of rock and relations between stress and strain, and between AE parameters and strain, time during rock failing, are obtained so as to offer the basis of decision for safety in production and ground pressure disaster.

The comprehensive test research including the field investigation of the rock masses structure and the laboratory testing of the rock and the discontinuity, the mechanical parameter estimation of the rock masses, and the network simulation of the discontinuity, for the rock formation in Yangjiaping coal mining worked out area has been carried out. The mechanical parameters of rock and discontinuity can be got base on the analysis of the test result. Then the mechanical parameters of rock masses can be estimated by Hoek-Brown method. The mechanical parameters of all the rock masses which involved in finite element calculation have been put forward associating with the geological condition. The FEM result proves that the mechanical parameters of rock masses is reasonable.

According to the physical experimental parameters of mudstones for several great projects in Nanning, the relationship between the physical index and strength of the mud stone of Tertiary in Nanning is analyzed. The results show that the mudstones have approximate single relation between physical character and strength; and the shear strength increases with the decreases of water content and void ratio and with the increse of dry density.

There are 229 bundles of 1 000 kN prestressed anchorage cables, 3 975 bundles of 3 000 kN prestressed anchorage cables, 97 000 roots of 400 kN high-tensile anchors and 1 054 wedge-shaped blocks of reinforced rock slopes mounted in the high slope project of the TGP's double line fifth-grade shiplock, in which the mounts of slope anchoring and rock block support are the maximum in the world. As the prestressed anchorage cables's key role in shiplock high slope, during design and construction the shiplock's prestressed anchorage cables, systematic research on antiseptic technique of anchorage cables is completed. In addition with the interior and oversea newest-researches on anchorage cables's endurance are collected; at the same time considering its underground surroundings anchorage cables's endurance is studied roundly. Those researches show that prestressed anchorage cables’ aseptic measures and endurance are reliable in the high slope of the TGP shiplock.

The underground tunnel anchoring mechanism is analyzed by using the numerical simulation method. In the case study, considering the existence and nonexistence of the loose loop, anchoring effect of the bolt on the wall rock mechanical properties is studied by analyzing the radial displacement and stress, the hoop displacement and stress of the wall rock and the axial stress of bolt. The radial displacement of the chamber surface in the loose loop model is larger than that in the no loose loop model. Under the action of the bolt, the place of peak value of the hoop stress is more approach the chamber wall. It indicated that one of the main functions is to control the displacement and bolt to enhance the stability of the wall rock through improving the stress state.

Based on perfect elastoplastic constitutive model and Drucker-Prager yield criterion, and using ANSYS software and finite element numerical simulation technology, a finite element analysis model for bedding rock cutting slope is established. The stress, deformation and stability of the bedding rock cutting slope before and after supported by anchor are simulated and analyzed for the high bedding rock cutting slope engineering from Baishiping to Langping in Yichang to Enshi highway in the HU-RONG national main trunk. The analysis and comparison indicate that the maximum displacement of the slope at critical state is reduced ; the friction force on the most dangerous contact surface is increased; and the stability coefficient is raised when the slope is supported by anchor. So the stability of the bedding rock cutting slope can be improved to protect the slope from bedding sliding.

Based on plastic limit equilibrium method for rockmass, the reasonable value of the energy safety factor about general rocky slope is discussed from energy work rate. The new design method of bolts for reinforcement of rocky slopes with crevice water pressure is proposed on the basis of a new and reasonable assumption about crevice water pressure distribution of rockmass. A simple design method for reinforcing rocky slope with bolts is given with an engineering example.

The ultrasonic stress wave method for detecting bonding quality including bonding length of bolt and quality of anchor bolt is carried out. According to the viscoelastic theory of shaft of one dimension, a mathematical and mechanical model is built. the transmitting mechanism in bonded bolt. and some instances are analyzed. The ultrasonic reflection method of quality detecting of anchor bolt bonding is used in practical detecting and data analysis. The better results are obtained in large hydropower projects already .

The multiple structure of prestressed anchor-cable frame is widely used in slope defend and landslide control. But its designing theory is far from perfection. So model test is very necessary. From the base point of anchored direction , model test needs a loading system agley. Sideling loading system design is one key tache for completing the test. By analysing the existing equipment and the characteristic of prestressed anchor-cable frame structure, a loading system is designed, including designing a rotational base for jack on, calculating for grid frame etc. The key technical issue of load direction rotational and load site shift flexible is solved. All these will have some meanings of referential guidance for others.

The occurrence and the development mechanism of one small landslide in the Fu-Chang road at the Taihang mountain is analysed with the comprehensive exploration methods such as engineering geophysical prospecting and geological prospecting etc.. It is brought forward that the small landslide is a shallow layer crushed stone slide with the type of drawing – enlarging outside. The vertical prestressed anchor retaining wall is applied for correcting the landslide with the economical and feasible correction principle. This method depends on the vertical prestressed force, pressed on the earth wall body which is made by the anchor in the foundation, to balance the sliding force of the slide mass. This method reaches the purpose of decreasing the masonry and the engineering price. The design thinking of the vertical prestressed anchor retaining wall is analyzed in detail; the construction technology and technique essentials is introduced. The efficiency of the method is indicated by its well correction result. This technique can offer reference for the similar geological disaster correction.

A new method is presented to predict the prestress loss and the final prestress loss of the prestressed anchor cable; based on the study, some conclusions are obtained; and a theoretical basis for analyzing prestressed anchor cable is provided. Simulating calculation of prestressed cables for Xiang-Shi Expressway proves that the method is suitable well for the practice.

Large-scale loose sediment is the main geological hazard which should be treated at Fengjie, Wushan and Badong counties in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Ground anchorage is one of the treatment method. In this paper the geological property of large-scale loose sediment and the mechanism of wholly grouted anchor are studied. The application of wholly grouted anchor in the treatment of a large-scale loose sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is presented to show that the grouted anchors not only increase the sliding friction of the slope body, but also improve the constructive property of the slope body by sewing the loose party of slope through the friction distributing along the whole bar. The results indicate that the sliding stability of large-scale loose sediment can be greatly improved by using wholly grouted anchor.

Based on the theory and calculation procedure of FLAC3D, two models are established, one for unreinforced slope, other for reinforced slope, some differences are displayed in horizontal displacement contour maps, vertical displacement contour maps and safety factors. The results show that the grouted bolts increase the safety factor and restrict the horizontal displacement; and the contours show the position of the largest displacement, the position of the slip plane and the slip vector so as to offer reference for guiding engineering construction.

Along with enhancing of consciousness of environment protection, the application of biotechnique has more and more extended in the slope protection. In light of the problem of that the theory of biotechnique lags its practice, the interaction of roots and soil is discussed; and the mechanical model is established.The experimental result proves the model to be exact.

Regarding rock-filled embankment as viscoelastic material, a hyperbola-shaped constitutive model with three parameters for high rock-filled embankment is proposed to describe the features of creeping of this kind of material. And the back-analysis has been brought forward with introducing genetic algorithm and finite element method to determine the model’s parameters. And combining the in-situ settlements of a practical project, a method proposed is applied to back analysis of parameters which is used to predict the settlements after construction in similar sections. It is indicated that by analysis of the example of practical engineering that the computational means of settlement after construction are exact and the parameters can be easily obtained, so as to provide reference for determining reasonable time of paving road surface and establishing controllable conditions of construction.

The influence of the rock salt insoluble matter content on volume’s effective rate of utilization of gas storage in salt caverns building with water solution is studied. Through the study of the mechanism of building with water solution, a mathematical model of gas storage in salt caverns building with water solution is established. By the simulation calculation of gas storage in salt caverns in different geological condition, the influence law of rock salt insoluble matter content on gas storage in salt caverns building with water solution is analyzed synthetically.

Regarding the pile shaft as a spatial beam element, the geometrical nonlinearity of this element has been considered with the updated Lagrangian coordinate system. And the geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of pile buckling has been carried out with the calculation of finite element nonlinear equation set by arc-length method. With the corresponding calculation program by Matlab, the calculation result meets well the measured critical load in field buckling experiment of woody piles. At the same time, a great deal of calculation analysis indicates that the foundation ratio of soil around pile, embedding ratio, material and slenderness ratio of pile are important factors that affect the buckling load of pile, which should be regarded and considered during design and construction course.

Due to the fact that there is a great deal of experimental and analytical difficulty in investigating the failure process and the size effect of rock specimen in uniaxial tension, in the present paper these problems are modeled numerically by FLAC. In elastic and strain-softening stages, the adopted constitutive relations of rock are linear elastic and linear strain-softening due to tensile failure, respectively. To ensure that elements subjected to tensile failure are localized into a narrow band within the specimen, two null elements at two edges of specimen are prescribed to model two notches. It is found from numerical results that the complete tensile stress-tensile strain curve exhibits pre-peak and post-peak branches. Prior to the peak stress, tensile stress concentration appears near the two notches so that two elements close to the two notches due to tension yield. The number of yielded elements is increased with axial tensile strain and the new plastic elements are even closer to the center of specimen until a horizontal and longer plastic zone is formed. Tensile stress distribution undergoes three distinct stages: upward concave stage, stage of downward concavity with two peaks and stage of downward concavity with one peak. The first stage corresponds to the elastic stage of complete stress-strain curve; however, the latter two stages correspond to the inelastic stage including strain-hardening and strain-softening stages. Softening branch of complete stress-strain curve becomes steeper so that the instability of rock specimen easily occurs as the height of specimen is increased or the width of specimen is decreased. Peak stress of complete stress-strain curve increases with the width of specimen, which is due to the fact that the stress state within the specimen is not a simple uniaxial state of stress for wider specimen. For thinner specimen, the needed time steps form the initial formation of yielded elements to the full development of a plastic zone are less than those for wider specimen. This reflects that the precursor for thinner specimen is less apparent. Brittle failure without obvious precursor is concerned with seriously natural hazards, such as rockburst and earthquake.

Rainfall is one of the important factors affecting slope stability. Considered the effect of rainfall infiltration, based on saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, numerical simulation on groundwater seepage in road slope under persistent rainfall condition is studied using finite element method; and change law of slope seepage field during rainfall process is given. The study can provide important data for road slope stability analysis and landslide prediction.

The expressway embankments were often constructed in several stages, which needed a long time. If the settlement of subgrades were calculated in the state of immediate loading, it is difficult to represent the relationship between consolidation and time. Because the rigidity of piles is larger than that of soils in the composite ground; the sand drain theory can’t be used directly. Based on the piles-soils mutual work theory, the mathematic formulas of consolidation of composite ground with gravel piles were established in the state of multi-grade loading in equal rates; and the analytical solutions were given in the loading state and the waiting state separately. The calculation results are in good agreement with the measured data in practical cases.

Based on the results of statistical analysis of a large amount of measured data in mining engineering, the statistical model of rock mass displacement is established by using the statistical theory. The theoretical formulas are developed and applied to the prediction of the rock mass displacements and deformations due to underground mining by pillar-and-room method in mountain areas. The agreement of the theoretical results with the field measurements shows that the model is satisfactory and the formulae obtained are valid and thus that can be effectively used for predicting the movements and the natural slope failure due to underground mining by pillar-and-room method in mountain areas.

The macropores not only cause casing damage and wellbore collapse, but also reduce the efficiency of water or chemical flooding. So, it is very important to study the mechanism of macropore and fluid flow in it. According to multiphase fluid mechanics, and considereing the interaction between fluid and sand particles, a mathematical model for fluid-sand partical two-phase flow in macropore is deduced. Numercial solution of the model is given based on finite element method. The work can provide a theoretical basis for predicting macropore formation in unconsolidated sandstone reservoir.

Shenzhen is a modern city which developes quickly in recent twenty years, due to a lot buildings locating on the district, it has singnificant meaning to study the long-term stability of this area. A rheology model which suits to the rock mass of Luohu fault zone is proposed by laboratory experiments conducted to mudstone and sandstone, which are two representative soft stone of the Luohu Jiancheng district. Using the model, a long-term stability calculation has been conducted to the core Hangbeiling F8 faultage in the axial direction of Shenzhen Luohu fault zone. The result indicates that in the early day after the construction has been finished, there will be obvious vertical displacement in the fault zone. the maximal vertical displacement of main key points in the calculation section is 7.79 cm, and the maximal horizontal displacement is only 0.950 1 cm. As time goes by, After 15 years, the vertical displacement rate decrease from 0.63 cm/year at the beginning to 0.21 cm/year. The horizontal displacement rate decrease from 0.047 cm/year to 0.013 cm/year.,there will be litlle affection to the long-term stability of the faultage and buildings around..

Excavation under the roadbed would destroy its stability . Two methods for excavation simulation are described, one is multi load step method, the other is initial stress loading method. Both are based on tunnel mechanics principles. The former has been used to analyze the excavations under the roadbed of the Beijing-Fuzhou Expressway. The result shows that the method is practical for the construction.

According to comparison of the fundamental equations and boundary conditions, the ANSYS function of temperature field analysis is applied to that of seepage flow field; the element birth or death technique with overlap method is adopted to calculate the saturation line site, in order to solve the problem of Huangbizhuang Reservoir earth dam seepage flow stability. Based on the calculation results, many reasonable suggestions are proposed to help the management and reinforcement of Huangbizhuang Reservoir earth dam.

Based on the mathematical model for rock temperature distribution in a geothermal field, the properties of rock temperature distribution in geothermal field for four kinds of surrounding rock cross-sections of deep mine tunnels, has been simulated by using finite element method. It is shown that the relationship for rock temperature distribution varied with the geothermal parameters, time and space. Namely, 2-dimensional time-dependent isograms clearly showed the process for rock temperature variation and distribution in a geothermal field which has been redisplayed with visualization numerical simulation.

GM (1, 1) model is one of the most widely used methods in settlement prediction, and it is found that the precision is low even defect. In this paper the structure principle of GM (1, 1) is analyzed and the defect is pointed out that and α should not be limited as the only know condition when forming the prediction formula. Instead, other data could be used. The average slope is used to calculate instead of constant 0.5. Program MATLAB is used to deal with the tested data and find the optimum and the optimum dimension. An actual example of an expressway is used, and it shows that the new model has satisfactory fitting effects and thus points a novel direction to heighten modeling precision.

Support vector machine (SVM) is a machine learning technique based on the structural risk minimization principle.Based on collected data of worked-out area stable time from many metallic mines, the model method of SVM is set up for evaluating worked-out area stable time. Through the test to the testing samples, the results show that the SVM for predicting worked-out area stable time is effective.

The formulated ground surface movement equations due to tunneling based on stochastic medium theory are introduced; and a corresponding computer code named SASMD is developed. The design idea, overall structure and the characteristics of SASMD are described; and some engineering examples are analyzed using the developed code. The comparison between the calculated results and observations shows that the software SASMD has the characteristics of good reliability, high precision and convenience in usage; and it can be applied effectively to the prediction of tunneling-induced ground surface movements and deformations.

The information system for geotechnical engineering analysis is the integration of engineering visualization, regional geological disaster classification, database management, numerical simulation computation and analysis forecast function. The system gives a practical method to solve the problem. It is a practical tool and has visualization as center. It depends on database and can provide computation analysis. It is a complete system and has a flexible interactive mode and has practical value to the engineering survey, design and construction.

The fuzzy comprehensive judgment method and the discrete sample model are applied to judge and select the methods settling the filling karst soft roadbed at the tunnel bottom in Dk278+628－+678 section of Ganxigou tunnel, Yu-Huai Railway. In this way, the settling methods are optimized on the whole; and this judging method can serve as reference for future work in this field.

Rock quality designation index is an important parameter for evaluating the quality of fractured rock mass; this index has been widely used in rock engineering, but the shortages of RQD (Rock quality designation index) itself has been recognized by engineer after a long term application and theoretical practices.The five shortcomings of RQD have been concluded as follows: (1) different angle between the direction of borehole and orientation of the discontinuities causes the different value of the RQD; (2) traditional RQD use 100mm as a threshold, but exactly this threshold can not stand for all the scale of the engineering,; (3) the number of the boreholes are limited to obtain the RQD, which causes difficult to estimate the quality of the rock mass in a large scale; (4) it is not economical to get the RQD by boreholes; (5) the RQD value is limited due to the number of the borehole are limited. Even the five shortages is recognize, but, RQD still represents its special vitality in the application of rock mass, five aspects for the RQD research and application are concluded out that scientists continuously put their efforts in the research of RQD for about half a century. Furthermore, the paper indicated that the main research methods and developing direction to improve on the meaning of the RQD.

East opencut quarry. of Daye Iron Mine is a closured large-scale opencut quarry. It will be constructed into a national mine park. Its geological relics and the value for scientific investigation, education and traveling are described. The possible geological disasters and treatment method are given. The ecosystem project of the slope is put forward.

The road cutting rock slope above the Dongmenguan tunnel in Xuanen sector of Hubei Provincial 209 highway, is a typical loosen structure one. According to characteristics of engineering geological, hydrogeological, structure of rock mass and prior symptom of deformation and failure of the slope, potential types of slope failure are identified; and un-equilibrium pushing method commended by present criterion is used to calculate the slope stability and to process treatment design. During remediation for the slopes of loose material, general treatment techniques always bring many problems such as the extrusion of soil above top of pile, the extrusion of soil between piles, and the decay of anchoring forces in cable bolts; so techniques relating to cutting, anchoring, structure beam and retaining wall are proposed to substitute techniques caused problems. A new method about solving the problems of analyzing and remedying loosen structure road cutting rock slope is presented.

An example of tilt-correcting and reinforcement of an existing building under complex engineering conditions is described. General instruction of the building is introduced in brief. The tilt and crack actuality are surveyed through multimeasures. Based on the supplementary geological exploration, the causes of tilting are analyzed from surveying, design, construction and testing; the treatment plan as conclusion are proposed. A brief instruction of the execution and its effect are summarized at the end.

The archives deformable body in Xingshan County is a rocky deformable body. There are a number of ruptures on the earth surface; and attaint the buildings of the archives. The stability of the slope has already near its critical state. When the reservoir water lever reaches 175m, the front of the deformable body will be submerged; and the stability of it will become worse. The stability analysis by finite element method shows the deformable body will turn instable and need treatment. This paper offers slide-resistant pile combing with surface drainage and revetment to prevent and stabilize the archives deformable body.

Taking a building foundation pit in Hankou for example, the design of retaining and protecting works for foundation excavation and ground controlling is introduced briefly. During the operation, sand and water gush into the foundation pit from its side and bottom. In order to settle the trouble of groundwater, the reasons are analyzed. And the step of opening up and blocking water is adopted. Good results are obtained. Finally, through this example, some noticeable questions about lowering groundwater of deep well and vertical curtain for cutting off water are expounded.

Fracture structures of rock mass play an important role for the engineering properties. Expressway in building is located in fracture region of liangyun. The longest tunnel, Erdaoya Tunnel, is taken as a typical example in analysis. The rock classification and characteristic of the right and left tunnels are presented. Also, the influence of fracture region of Liangyun on them is studied. According to different rock classifications, the tunneling and supporting methods are analyzed. The construction effect and cost of the right and left tunnels are compared. The results show that the fracture structures have much influence on the construction and stability of the tunnels. In practice the geological investigation should pay more attention in choosing the expressway line. The tunnel should be far away from the fracture areas so that the construction may be safe, fast and economic.

The ground surface subsidence in the Dayehu Basin is a great influential factor on the stability and safety of the Dayehu Bridge for Wuhan-Jiujiang Railway. Through analyzing the geological factors and mining activity, the occurrence mechanism and space-time properties of the ground surface subsidence are studied systematically so as to provide a basis for evaluateing the stability of the ground and safety of the project.