岩土力学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2687-2702.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.0334CSTR: 32223.14.j.rsm.2024.0334

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

围岩变形作用下考虑杆体屈服和锚固界面滑移的全长锚固锚杆力学解析方法

王想君1, 2，李英明2，赵光明1, 2，孟祥瑞2，范朝涛2，付强2, 3   

  1. 1. 安徽理工大学 安全科学与工程学院，安徽 淮南 232001；2. 安徽理工大学 矿业工程学院，安徽 淮南 232001； 3. 安徽理工大学 煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心，安徽 淮南 232001
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19 接受日期:2024-04-23 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2025-09-03
  • 通讯作者: 李英明，男，1975年生，博士，教授，主要从事矿山压力与巷道支护方面的研究工作。E-mail: libo_1296@126.com
  • 作者简介:王想君，男，1995年生，博士研究生，主要从事矿山压力与巷道支护方面的研究工作。E-mail: 382929839@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.52174102，No.51974009）；安徽省重点研发计划项目（No.2022m07020007）；安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目（No.2024AH040067）

A mechanical analysis method for fully grouted rock bolts considering rod yielding and anchorage interface slip under the influence of surrounding rock deformation

WANG Xiang-jun1, 2, LI Ying-ming2, ZHAO Guang-ming1, 2, MENG Xiang-rui2, FAN Chao-tao2, FU Qiang2, 3   

  1. 1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001,China; 2. School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan, Anhui 232001, China; 3. Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
  • Received:2024-03-19 Accepted:2024-04-23 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-09-03
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52174102, 51974009), Anhui Province Key Research and Development Plan Project (2022m07020007) and the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province University (2024AH040067).

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摘要： 全长锚固锚杆在巷道围岩支护过程中存在杆体屈服和锚固界面滑移失效问题。为探究这两种失效模式下杆体应力传递机制，基于实际围岩变形和锚杆受力边界条件，建立了锚杆−围岩相互作用模型，推导出锚杆在支护平衡状态下杆体轴力和锚固界面剪应力沿杆长分布的解析表达式。在此基础上，引入杆体拉伸应力−应变本构模型和三（二）折线黏结滑移模型，解析了全长锚固锚杆在围岩变形作用下杆体屈服和锚固界面滑移的受力分布计算方法，并通过将理论计算结果与典型隧道工程锚杆实测数据进行对比，验证了其合理性。基于该方法探讨了围岩变形、锚杆长度、界面剪切峰值强度和托盘反力对杆体轴力和界面剪应力分布的影响。研究结果表明：（1）锚杆最易在中性点处发生塑性屈服，且屈服后杆体轴力和界面剪应力不再增长，轴力分布呈现屈服平台，中性点逐渐演变为“中性段”；杆体的屈服变形量随着围岩变形、锚杆长度和托盘反力的增加而增大。（2）锚固界面滑移从孔口位置开始，并逐步向锚固远端呈现软化脱黏特征；围岩变形和锚杆长度增加使界面滑移范围明显增大，从而削弱了对围岩变形的抑制作用；提高界面剪切峰值强度和安装托盘能有效抑制锚固界面的软化脱黏行为。该研究成果对认识全长锚固锚杆支护力学特性与参数设计具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 全长锚固锚杆, 围岩变形, 杆体屈服, 软化脱黏, 受力特性

Abstract: In fully grouted bolt systems for roadway rock support, rod yielding and interface slip failure pose critical challenges. To investigate stress transfer mechanisms under these failure modes, we developed a bolt-rock interaction model incorporating surrounding rock deformation and rod loading boundary conditions. We derived analytical expressions describing axial force and shear stress distributions along the rod under support equilibrium conditions. By integrating the rod’s stress-strain constitutive model with a trilinear bond-slip model, we analyzed stress distribution patterns caused by rod yielding and interface slip during surrounding rock deformation. The theoretical framework was validated through comparison with field monitoring data from a representative tunnel project. The analytical results indicate: 1) Initial yielding occurs preferentially at the neutral point. Subsequent to yielding progression, both axial force and interfacial shear stress stabilize, forming a distinct yielding platform in the axial force distribution profile. This mechanical transition converts the neutral point into an extended “neutral segment” along the rod axis. Yielding deformation magnitude exhibits positive correlations with surrounding rock strain, anchor length, and bearing plate reaction forces. 2) Interfacial slip initiates at the loading end and propagates distally through progressive softening and debonding mechanisms. Enhanced rock deformation and extended rod length markedly expand the interfacial slip zone, consequently reducing constraint effectiveness on rock mass displacement. Interfacial degradation can be mitigated through two key measures: optimizing interfacial shear strength parameters, and strategic installation of bearing plates. These findings offer critical insights for mechanized analysis and performance-based parameter optimization in fully grouted bolt support systems.

Key words: fully grouted rock bolt, surrounding rock deformation, rod yielding, softening and debonding, stress characteristics

中图分类号: TU470
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