岩土力学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 955-968.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.0944

• 岩土工程研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

深井切顶留巷底鼓机制及其防控

华心祝1, 2，李琛1, 2，刘啸3，杨朋1, 2, 4，陈登红1, 2，祁亚宝5   

  1. 1. 安徽理工大学 深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室，安徽 淮南 232001；2. 安徽理工大学 深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室，安徽 淮南 232001；3. 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司，辽宁 抚顺 113000；4. 安徽理工大学 煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心，安徽 淮南 232001；5. 淮沪煤电有限公司丁集煤矿，安徽 淮南 232001
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30 接受日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-03-10 发布日期:2025-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 李琛，男，1997年生，博士研究生，主要从事矿山压力与巷道围岩控制方面的研究工作。E-mail: lichen3553@163.com
  • 作者简介:华心祝，男，1964年生，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事从事巷道围岩控制相关理论与技术方面的研究。E-mail: xzhhua@aust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（No.52374075，No.51774010）

Floor heave mechanism of roadway retention with roof cutting in deep mines and its prevention and control

HUA Xin-zhu1, 2, LI Chen1, 2, LIU Xiao3, YANG Peng1, 2, 4, CHEN Deng-hong1, 2, QI Ya-bao5   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China; 2. State Sky Laboratory of Deep Coal Mines Excavation Response and Disaster Prevention and Control, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China; 3. Shenyang Branch of China Coal Research Institute, Fushun, Liaoning 113000, China; 4. Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China; 5. Huaihu Coal Electricity Co., Ltd., Dingji Coal Mine, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
  • Received:2024-07-30 Accepted:2024-12-20 Online:2025-03-10 Published:2025-03-10
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science of Foundation of China (52374075, 51774010).

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摘要： 沿空切顶巷道所处应力环境复杂、留巷服务期长，一次采动及留巷期间底鼓问题突出。以淮南丁集煤矿1462（1）轨顺切顶留巷条件为工程研究背景，建立离散元数值计算模型，分析得到一次采动至留巷稳定阶段底板非对称变形特征及其受力状态。构建一次采动至留巷稳定阶段两端固支二次超静定底板梁力学模型，并引入等效载荷概念求解得到了各分布力作用下底板挠度数学表达式，运用叠加原理推导出切顶留巷底板变形表达式。结合留巷条件，求得该巷道平均底鼓量为0.74 m，最大底鼓量为0.77 m，最大鼓起位置偏向采空区侧，距巷中1.15 m，计算结果与现场实测和数值计算结果较为吻合。依据所求得的底板变形表达式，分析了留巷底鼓影响因素，底鼓量与底板刚度的增加呈负指数减小，底板刚度在5～13 MN•m2之间内变化时，巷道底鼓对其变化较为敏感；与底板载荷、支架载荷、煤帮载荷及应力集中系数λ 均呈线性正相关，增长率分别为0.082 6、0.034 9、0.027 2 m/MPa和0.007 m。基于对留巷底板受力变形及其影响因素的分析，提出了“顶底互控、帮角加固、底板强化”的防控对策。工程实践表明，相较于留巷初期底板变形得以有效控制，底鼓降幅明显，所留巷道能够满足复用要求。

关键词: 底鼓机制, 沿空留巷, 切顶卸压, 底鼓防控

Abstract: Significant floor heave issues arise during the initial mining and roadway retention periods due to the complex stress environments where roof-cutting roadways are situated and their long service periods for retention. The engineering research background drew upon the specific conditions of roof-cutting roadway retaining of 1462(1) track alignment at Dingji Coal Mine in Huainan. A discrete-element numerical calculation model was established to obtain the asymmetric deformation characteristics of the floor and its force state from the primary excavation to the stable stage of roadway retention. Besides, the work constructed the mechanical model of the doubly-clamped twice statically indeterminate floor beam. An equivalent load was introduced to solve the mathematical expression of the floor deflection under each distributed force. The superposition principle was used to derive the deformation expression of the roof-cutting roadway retaining. Roady retaining conditions were utilized to obtain the average floor heave of the roadway (0.74 m) and maximum floor heave (0.77 m). The maximum heaving position was biased to the side of the goaf, 1.15 m from the middle of the roadway. The results were more consistent with the on-site measurements and numerical calculations. Based on the floor deformation expression, the influencing factors of roadway-retaining heave floor were analyzed. The increase in floor heave and floor stiffness exhibited an exponential decrease. When floor stiffness changed at 5−13 MN•m2, floor heave in the roadway was more sensitive to its changes. There was a linearly positive correlation between floor heave and the floor load, support load, coal side load, and stress concentration coefficient, with growth rates of 0.082 6, 0.034 9, 0.027 2 m/MPa and 0.007 m/(λ), respectively. The force deformation of roadway-retaining floor and its influencing factors were analyzed to propose the prevention and control countermeasures of “mutual control of roof and floor as well as side and floor reinforcement.” Engineering practice showed that, compared to the initial stage of roadway retention, floor deformation was effectively controlled, with a significant reduction in floor heave. The retained roadway meets the requirements for reuse.

Key words: floor heave mechanism, gob-side entry retaining, roof-cutting pressure relief, floor heave prevention and control

中图分类号: TD353
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