岩土力学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 1417-1430.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0728CSTR: 32223.14.j.rsm.2025.0728

• 数值分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于等效渗透系数的多层土坡降雨入渗模型及可靠度分析

蒋水华1，葛成民1，元志镕1，向晖2，胡伟3，黄发明1   

  1. 1．南昌大学 工程建设学院，江西 南昌 330031；2．中建铁路投资建设集团有限公司，北京 102600； 3．湖南科技大学 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测湖南省重点实验室，湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 接受日期:2025-09-16 出版日期:2026-04-13 发布日期:2026-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 黄发明，男，1988年生，博士，副教授，博士生导师，主要从事滑坡风险分析方面的研究工作。E-mail: faminghuang@ncu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:蒋水华，男，1987年生，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩土工程可靠度与风险分析方面的研究工作。E-mail: sjiangaa@ncu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（No.52579103，No.42272326）；江西省自然科学基金（No.20252BCG330025，No.20242BAB24001，No. 20253BDH410009）。

A rainfall infiltration model and reliability analysis for multi-layered soil slopes based on equivalent hydraulic conductivity

JIANG Shui-hua1, GE Cheng-min1, YUAN Zhi-rong1, XIANG Hui2, HU Wei3, HUANG Fa-ming1   

  1. 1. School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China; 2. China State Construction Railway Investment & Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China; 3. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Stability Control and Health Monitoring, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Accepted:2025-09-16 Online:2026-04-13 Published:2026-04-16
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52579103, 42272326) and the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20252BCG330025, 20242BAB24001, 20253BDH410009).

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摘要： 准确描述降雨入渗过程是揭示降雨诱发边坡失稳机制及防控滑坡灾害的关键。目前Richards方程数值解和Green-Ampt模型被广泛应用于边坡降雨入渗分析，Richards方程数值解虽精度高，但存在计算效率低、容易不收敛等问题，而经典Green-Ampt模型忽略了土体分层特性与非饱和过渡层的影响，难以准确刻画非均质多层土坡降雨入渗过程。为此，通过引入等效渗透系数与椭圆形过渡层理论，动态模拟非均质多层土坡降雨入渗过程，提出改进的Green-Ampt模型。该模型创新性地解决以下两个难题：（1）通过修正等效渗透系数计算公式，准确描述湿润锋在穿越不同土层界面时的水分运移特征；（2）通过构建椭圆形过渡层参数解析方程，高效计算不同降雨历时边坡体积含水率空间分布。结果表明：均质与非均质工况下，提出模型均可获得与Richards方程数值解高度吻合的边坡渗流、稳定及可靠度分析结果，尤其是在降雨前期；提出模型具有较高的计算效率，不存在计算不收敛问题，可为降雨作用下复杂边坡可靠度分析及滑坡灾害防控提供重要理论支撑

关键词: 多层土坡, 降雨入渗分析, 可靠度分析, Green-Ampt模型, 等效渗透系数, 椭圆形过渡层

Abstract: Accurate description of rainfall infiltration is essential for understanding the slope instability mechanism and for preventing and controlling rainfall-induced landslides. Currently, numerical solutions of the Richards equation and the Green-Ampt model are widely used to analyze rainfall infiltration in slopes. Although the Richards equation yields high accuracy, it can suffer from low computational efficiency and convergence issues. Moreover, the classic Green-Ampt model neglects soil stratification and unsaturated-transition layers, and thus cannot accurately represent rainfall infiltration in heterogeneous, multi-layered slopes. To address these limitations, we introduce the concepts of equivalent hydraulic conductivity and elliptical transition layer theory and dynamically simulate rainfall infiltration in heterogeneous, multi-layered slopes. Based on this framework, an improved Green-Ampt model is proposed. The model addresses two key challenges: (1) modifying the calculation formula for the equivalent hydraulic conductivity to describe water migration as the wetting front crosses interfaces between soil layers; (2) deriving a parametric analytical equation for the elliptical transition layer to efficiently compute the spatial distribution of slope volumetric water content for different rainfall durations. Results show that the proposed model yields seepage, stability, and reliability analyses that are highly consistent with Richards equation solutions under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions, particularly in the early rainfall stage. Moreover, the model offers high computational efficiency and does not suffer from convergence issues, thereby providing strong theoretical support for reliability analysis of complex slopes and for the prevention and control of rainfall-induced landslides.

Key words: multi-layered soil slope, rainfall infiltration analysis, reliability analysis, Green-Ampt model, equivalent hydraulic conductivity, elliptical transition layer

中图分类号: TV 672+.1
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