岩土力学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 2071-2082.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0688CSTR: 32223.14.j.rsm.2025.0688

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

变荷载作用下考虑孔隙比和渗透系数变化的超固结黏性土一维固结理论研究

张乐1，党发宁2，扈萍1，宋享桦1   

  1. 1. 济南大学 土木建筑学院，山东 济南 250022；2. 西安理工大学 西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710048
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-02 接受日期:2025-12-10 出版日期:2026-06-11 发布日期:2026-06-06
  • 作者简介:张乐，女，1993年生，博士，讲师，主要从事岩土工程、地下工程等领域的教学与科研工作。E-mail: cea_zhangl@ujn.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金青年项目（No.ZR2025QC457，No.ZR2023QD168）；济南大学2024年度新引进人才科研项目（No. XBS2466）；山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”（No.TJY2303）。

One-dimensional consolidation theory of over-consolidated cohesive soil considering variations in void ratio and permeability under variable loading

ZHANG Le1, DANG Fa-ning2, HU Ping1, SONG Xiang-hua1   

  1. 1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710048, China
  • Received:2025-07-02 Accepted:2025-12-10 Online:2026-06-11 Published:2026-06-06
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Youth Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2025QC457, ZR2023QD168), the 2024 New Talent Research Project at Jinan University (XBS2466) and the “Youth Innovation Team Plan” of Higher Education Institutions in Shandong Province (TJY2303).

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摘要： 天然土层在形成的过程中往往具有非线性压缩特性和不同固结状态，不同固结状态下土体的固结规律存在差异。本研究综合考虑土体固结过程中孔隙比和渗透系数变化以及线性荷载作用，建立考虑孔隙比和渗透系数变化的超固结黏性土一维固结方程。为验证所提理论的正确性和适用性，采用GDS高级固结仪对陕西西安粉质黏性黄土进行一系列一维固结和固结过程中渗透联合试验。然后，采用有限差分法计算步骤，建立超固结土一维固结方程的有限差分方程，利用MATLAB编程对该固结方程进行求解，得到土体在一维固结过程中孔隙水压力、沉降量、固结度等的一维固结有限差分解。将有限差分解与一维固结渗透联合试验结果以及Terzaghi固结理论解进行对比分析，结果表明：考虑固结过程中土体孔隙比和渗透系数变化的固结理论计算得到的结果与实测值更为接近，更符合工程实际。另外，在不同先期固结应力下，考虑土体固结过程中非线性特性的固结速率较Terzaghi理论的固结速率小，但二者计算得到的土体最终沉降量基本保持一致。

关键词: 超固结黏性土, 孔隙比, 渗透系数, 有限差分解, 固结性状

Abstract: Natural soil layers typically demonstrate nonlinear compression characteristics and often exist in varying consolidation states during their formation, with the consolidation laws of soil differing under these distinct states. This study takes into comprehensive account the variations in void ratio and permeability coefficient during the soil consolidation process, along with the influence of linear loading, to formulate a one-dimensional consolidation equation for overconsolidated cohesive soil that incorporates these variations. To validate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed theory, a series of joint tests of one-dimensional consolidation and infiltration during consolidation were carried out on the silty cohesive loess in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, using a GDS advanced consolidator. Following this, the finite difference method was applied to derive the finite difference equation corresponding to the one-dimensional consolidation equation for overconsolidated soils. The consolidation equation was solved by using MATLAB programming, yielding finite difference solutions for pore water pressure, settlement, and the degree of consolidation during the one-dimensional consolidation process. A comparative analysis was conducted between the finite difference solutions, the results from the one-dimensional consolidation-permeability coupled tests, and the solutions derived from Terzaghi's consolidation theory. The findings reveal that the consolidation theory, which accounts for variations in void ratio and permeability coefficient during consolidation, yields results that closely align with measured values and are more congruent with practical engineering scenarios. Additionally, under varying preconsolidation stresses, the consolidation rate, when considering the nonlinear characteristics during soil consolidation, is slower compared to that predicted by Terzaghi’s theory; however, the ultimate soil settlement calculated by both approaches remains largely consistent.

Key words: over-consolidated cohesive soil, void ratio, permeability coefficient, finite difference solution, consolidation behavior

中图分类号: TU411
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