岩土力学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 2598-2608.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0804CSTR: 32223.14.j.rsm.2025.0804

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

缩管式让压吸能锚索抗剪特性试验研究

吴学震1，姜浩1, 2，刘才华3，蒋宇静1, 4，赵明珠1，王刚4, 5，孙朝燚3   

  1. 1. 福州大学 土木工程学院，福建 福州 350108；2. 长江三峡技术经济发展有限公司，北京 350508； 3. 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430071； 4. 山东科技大学 山东省土木工程防灾减灾重点实验室，山东 青岛 266590；5. 福建理工大学 土木工程学院，福建 福州 350118
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29 接受日期:2025-12-28 出版日期:2026-08-11 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通讯作者: 刘才华，男，1974年生，博士，研究员，主要从事岩石力学试验研究方面的工作。E-mail：chliu@whrsm.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:吴学震，男，1988年生，博士，研究员，主要从事岩石力学试验研究方面的工作。E-mail：wu@fzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目（No. 2024YFC2911000）；国家自然科学基金（No. 52179098，No. 41907251）。

Experimental study on shear characteristics of steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cables

WU Xue-zhen1, JIANG Hao1, 2, LIU Cai-hua3, JIANG Yu-jing1, 4, ZHAO Ming-zhu1, WANG Gang4, 5, SUN Chao-yi3   

  1. 1. College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; 2. Yangtze Three Gorges Technology & Economy Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 350508, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 4. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China; 5. College of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China
  • Received:2025-07-29 Accepted:2025-12-28 Online:2026-08-11 Published:2026-08-17
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Young Scientist Project of National Key Research and Development Program (2024YFC2911000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52179098, 41907251).

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摘要： 随着我国中西部地区重点工程逐渐开工建设，深埋隧道围岩大变形控制已经成为我国亟待解决的工程技术难题。缩管式让压吸能锚索具有阻力稳定、可控性高、吸能效果好等特点，有望解决深部工程建设中的围岩大变形问题。针对节理岩体中支护结构常呈现剪切破坏特征，开展全尺寸锚索双剪切试验，研究缩管式让压吸能锚索在岩体剪切作用下的让压变形特性。试验结果表明：让压吸能锚索的承载曲线中存在让压阶段，通过恒阻器的让压变形抵抗岩体剪切变形，降低了剪切过程中的剪切刚度，能够有效防止锚索断裂。同时，让压吸能锚索所受轴向荷载在达到让压阻力设计值后保持恒定，能够在提供恒定让压阻力前提下，产生与围岩变形相适应的恒阻让压变形。与普通锚索相比，160、350 kN让压吸能锚索的最大剪切位移分别提升了89%和76%，吸能量分别提升了29%和108%。在岩体剪切变形过程中，让压吸能锚索能够有效适应围岩大变形并显著提升能量吸收能力，可为地下工程建设中围岩大变形灾害防治提供有力的技术支撑。

关键词: 缩管式让压吸能锚索, 双剪切试验, 让压变形, 抗剪特性, 围岩大变形

Abstract: With the gradual commencement of construction of key projects in central and western regions of China, the control of large deformation in the surrounding rock of deep buried tunnels has become an engineering technical challenge that needs to be solved in China. The steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable, characterized by its stable resistance, high controllability and excellent energy absorption capacity, holds promise for addressing the issue of the large deformation in deep engineering construction. Given the commonly observed shear damage characteristics of the support structures in the jointed rock mass, a full-scale double shear test on the cable was conducted to investigate yielding deformation characteristics of the steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cables under rock mass shear action. The test results reveal a constant resistance stage in the load-bearing curve of the energy-absorbing cable. This stage effectively prevents cable fracture through the yielding deformation of the constant resistor, which accommodates rock shear deformation while reducing shear stiffness during the shearing process. Concurrently, the axial load experienced by the energy-absorbing cable remains constant after reaching the designed constant yielding resistance value, enabling it to provide constant resistance to yielding deformation that aligns with the deformation of surrounding rock while maintaining a constant support resistance. Compared with traditional cables, the maximum shear displacements of the 160 kN and 350 kN energy-absorbing cables increase by 89% and 76% respectively, with the absorbed energy rising by 29% and 108% respectively. In the process of rock shear deformation, the energy-absorbing cable can effectively accommodate large surrounding rock deformation while significantly enhancing its energy absorption capacity, thereby providing robust technical support for the prevention and control of surrounding rock deformation disasters in underground engineering construction.

Key words: steel pipe shrinkable energy-absorbing cable, double shear test, yielding deformation, shear characteristics, surrounding rock large deformation

中图分类号: TU 454
[1] 崔光耀, 祁家所, 王明胜, . 片理化玄武岩隧道围岩大变形控制现场试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2018, 39(S2): 231-237.
[2] 徐 超，石志龙. 循环荷载作用下筋土界面抗剪特性的试验研究[J]. , 2011, 32(3): 655-660.
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