岩土力学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 2041-2054.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.00353CSTR: 32223.14.j.rsm.2025.00353

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

低频扰动下含孔砂岩渐进破裂演化及力学响应特征

姜明伟1, 2, 3, 4，梁运涛1, 2, 3，薛珊珊4, 5，李海涛4, 5，何团4, 5， 杨成1, 4，杨冠宇4, 5，马举6，彭超7   

  1. 1. 煤炭科学研究总院，北京 100013；2. 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司，辽宁 抚顺 113000； 3. 中国矿业大学（北京）应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100083；4. 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司深部开采与冲击地压防治研究院，北京100013； 5. 中国煤炭科工集团 煤炭智能开采与岩层控制国家重点实验室，北京 100013；6. 中南大学 资源与安全工程学院，湖南 长沙 410083； 7. 山东黄金集团深井开采实验室有限公司，山东 烟台264000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 接受日期:2025-09-12 出版日期:2026-06-11 发布日期:2026-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 梁运涛，男，1974年生，博士，研究员，主要从事煤矿热动力灾害研究工作。E-mail: liangyuntao@vip.sina.com
  • 作者简介:姜明伟，男，1995年生，博士，工程师，主要从事岩石力学及动力灾害防治研究工作。E-mail: JiangMingwei_hale@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金（No.U23B2094）；国家自然科学基金青年基金（No.52404128）；国家重点研发计划（No.2023YFB3211000）。

Progressive fracture evolution and mechanical response of cavity-containing sandstone under low-frequency disturbance

JIANG Ming-wei1, 2, 3, 4, LIANG Yun-tao1, 2, 3, XUE Shan-shan4, 5, LI Hai-tao4, 5, HE Tuan4, 5, YANG Cheng1, 4, YANG Guan-yu4, 5, MA Ju6, PENG Chao7   

  1. 1. China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China; 2. CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun, Liaoning 113000, China; 3. College of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; 4. Deep Mining and Rock Burst Research Institute, Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, China; 5. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control, China Coal Technology & Engineering Group, Beijing 100013, China; 6. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; 7. Deep Mining Laboratory of Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Accepted:2025-09-12 Online:2026-06-11 Published:2026-06-06
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23B2094), the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scientists (52404128) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB3211000).

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摘要：

在深部煤炭开采过程中，层间岩体在高静应力与低频动载耦合作用下，易发生破裂与失稳，进而诱发动力灾害。为探究低频扰动条件下岩石破裂、变形及力学响应特征，开展了不同加载速率下含孔砂岩试样的单轴压缩试验。重点分析了扰动作用下砂岩裂纹演化规律、破碎弹射模式及动态应变响应特征。研究结果表明：（1）加载速率对砂岩力学性质具有显著影响，峰值强度随加载速率呈非线性增长。当加载速率提高至5倍时，单孔、双孔及三孔试样的平均峰值强度分别提高了9.67%、14.64%和9.44%。然而，随着孔洞数量的增加，砂岩整体承载能力下降，其平均峰值强度分别降低了12.58%、12.15%和13.23%。（2）砂岩的声发射（acoustic emission，简称AE）特征及应力−时间演化曲线均呈现明显拐点特征。在裂纹萌生阶段，AE活动较为微弱，而在破坏前AE事件出现显著突增，AE能量呈指数级增长。该特征可作为低频扰动条件下高应力砂岩发生动力失稳的重要前兆信息。（3）根据破坏形态以及表面剥落与块体弹射程度，砂岩破坏可划分为3种类型。I型、II型和III型试样的峰值强度比σc/σz平均值分别为0.959、0.765和0.687，表明不同破坏模式下其力学性质存在显著差异。（4）岩石试样的应变分布与孔洞数量密切相关。随着孔洞数量增加，加载过程中孔间逐渐形成明显的应力屏蔽区及水平拉应变集中区，这些区域成为裂纹扩展的主要通道。

关键词: 低频扰动, 加载速率, 裂纹扩展, 弹射破坏, 应变演化

Abstract:

 During deep coal mining, interlayer rock strata subjected to high static stress and low-frequency dynamic load are prone to fracture and instability, often leading to dynamic disasters. To investigate the dynamic response of rock fracture, deformation, and mechanical behavior under low-frequency disturbances, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on perforated sandstone specimens at different loading rates. This study explores the crack evolution, fracture ejection patterns, and dynamic strain behavior of sandstone under disturbance. The results reveal the following key findings: (1) The mechanical properties of sandstone are significantly influenced by the loading rate, with peak strength increasing nonlinearly as the loading rate rises. When the loading rate increases fivefold, the average peak strengths of the single-hole, double-hole, and triple-hole specimens increase by 9.67%, 14.64%, and 9.44%, respectively. However, as the number of perforations increases, the overall load-bearing capacity of sandstone decreases, and the average peak strengths are reduced by 12.58%, 12.15%, and 13.23%, respectively. (2) The acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and stress-time evolution curves of sandstone exhibit distinct inflection points. AE activity is relatively weak during the crack initiation stage, but AE events increase sharply before failure, accompanied by an exponential rise in AE energy. This phenomenon can serve as an early warning indicator of dynamic failure in high-stress sandstone under low-frequency disturbances. (3) Based on the failure modes and the extent of surface spalling and block ejection, sandstone failure can be classified into three types. The mean σc/σz values for type I, II, and III specimens are 0.959, 0.765, and 0.687, respectively, indicating significant differences in mechanical properties among different failure modes. (4) The strain distribution in the rock specimens is closely related to the number of perforations. As the number of perforations increases, pronounced stress shielding zones and horizontal tensile strain zones develop between the holes during loading, providing the main pathways for crack propagation.

Key words: low-frequency disturbance, loading rate, crack propagation, fracture ejection, strain behavior

中图分类号: TD82
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