Abstract: Traditional anchoring agents often fail to provide effective bolt support for soft rock mass. To address the issues of poor anchoring performance and easy attenuation of anchoring force in soft rock mass, a physical anchoring device is proposed. This device aims to enhance the support effect of bolt and ensure continuous stability of anchoring ability. This study combines numerical simulations and laboratory experiments for systematic research. Numerical simulation results show that within the range of design parameters, higher inverted teeth on the anchoring device results in greater anchoring force. A smaller tooth angle decreases the anchoring force. More rows of inverted teeth increase the anchoring force, while the spacing of inverted teeth has no significant effect on the anchoring force. Based on numerical simulations, the optimal parameters for the inverted teeth of the anchoring device were selected, and drawing experiments were carried out. Experimental results show that the physical anchoring device maintains anchoring force over a long period. The three-row inverted teeth anchoring device provides higher anchoring force compared to traditional anchoring agents. This study helps to solve the core problem of poor anchoring performance in soft rock conditions, and provides a valuable reference for improving bolt support in soft rock mass.

Key words: soft rock mass, bolt support, physical anchoring, parameter optimization, pull-out experiment