Rock and Soil Mechanics ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 912-928.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.00237

• Fundamental Theory and Experimental Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Shear behavior of red-bed soft rock-grout interface: effect of grout and rock properties

SHU Xiao-yun1, 2, TIAN Hong-ming1, 2, ZHU Zhen-de1, XU Jian-shu3, QIU Xin2, WANG Qing-yong3, XU Zhi-chao1, LI Yun-fa2   

  1. 1. College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 3. Xinjiang Shuifa Construction Group Co., Lid., Urumqi, Xinjiang 830099, China
  • Received:2025-04-29 Accepted:2025-09-12 Online:2026-03-17 Published:2026-03-19
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (42293355), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2340229, 42207199), the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFF0508203), the Key Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Qing A) (2025AFA103), the Natural Science Foundation of Xizang Autonomous Region (XZ202401ZR0083) and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (ZCLMS25D0201).

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Abstract: Soft rock tunnels in red beds frequently encounter anchor failure issues. Improving the mechanical properties of the red-bed soft rock-grout interface is highly significant for ensuring the stability of anchor support. This study employs laboratory direct shear tests in combination with digital image correlation (DIC) technology to investigate the mechanical properties (peak shear strength p, residual shear strength r, and shear stiffness ks) of the grout-rock interface (GRI) among three typical soft rocks from red beds (red sandstone, mudstone, and grey sandstone) and two grout materials (ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and early high-strength cement (EHC)) under varying curing periods (6 h, 1 d, 2 d, and 7 d). The shear behavior and DIC-based failure mode are analyzed for red beds GRIs. The following key findings were observed: (1) As normal stress increases, both the shear strength (p) and shear stiffness (ks) of the GRI also increase, following the trend: red sandstone > mudstone > grey sandstone. The cohesion values of the red sandstone, mudstone, and green sandstone with the EHC grout-rock interface at 2 days are 2.4, 0.9, and 1.2 MPa, respectively. The corresponding internal friction angles are 57.6°, 38.0°, and 27.0°, respectively. (2) With an increase in curing age, both p and ks at the GRI increase non-linearly. EHC exhibited superior bonding performance compared to OPC, with p reaching 7.9 MPa at 6 h and 90% of the 7-day p being achieved at 2 d in red sandstone conditions. (3) The OPC-bonded specimens primarily exhibit grout failure near the GRI, whereas the EHC-bonded specimens show rock failure in red sandstone and mudstone conditions, and adhesive failure at the interface in grey sandstone. (4) An empirical model for the shear strength of the GRI in red bed soft rocks is proposed and validated, providing a framework for the rapid and reliable evaluation of anchorage strength in red bed soft rock tunnels.

Key words: red-bed soft rocks, grout-rock interface, shear behavior, curing time, DIC

CLC Number: 

  • TU452
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