关键词: 断层活化, 底板承压水, 相似材料模拟试验, 导升高度, 断层防水煤柱

Abstract: The confined water inrush is typically caused by fault activation under high ground pressure due to coal mining. It is one of the main forms of water disaster in deep mining in North China. Based on the equipment of similar simulation tests, we designed the testing device and proposed the testing method. Fault F13 in Wugou mine was chosen as a geological background in this study. Then the overburden movement, the expansion characteristics of the bottom plate, the stress and structure evolutions of the fault zone and the whole process of the aquifer were investigated. Taken the mining distance as a time reference, the water inrush consists of four obvious stages: the yield of fault zone caused by over-stress, cracking and extending of the fault zone, diastrophism and slip of fault zone, rising of confined water. Based on the height of the pressurised water along the fault zone, its correlation factors were analysed. It was found that the relationship between the mining distance and confined water rise was an approximately negative liner. Moreover, the pressure of confined water showed positive correlations with the width of the fault zone and the height of confined water. In particular, the correlation between the pressure of confined water and the height of confined water exhibited a strong-weak-strong law during the whole experiments. According to the obtained experimental result, the waterproof coal pillar was designed as 40 m in the fault F13, and the no water leakage and inrush were found. This indicates that the designed height is reasonable. Therefore, this study can provide a useful reference to understand and prevent mining water disasters.

Key words: fault activation, confined water, similar material simulation test, height of confined water rise, waterproof coal pillar of fault