加载速率与断层倾角对断层矿震失稳影响
的试验研究

doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2021.0179

岩土力学 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (S1): 35-45.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2021.0179

加载速率与断层倾角对断层矿震失稳影响的试验研究

刘玉春^{1, 2}，荆刚³，赵扬锋¹，樊艺¹，潘一山^{1, 4}

1. 辽宁工程技术大学力学与工程学院，辽宁阜新 123000；2. 辽宁工程技术大学理学院，辽宁阜新 123000； 3. 中国矿业大学（北京）能源与矿业学院，北京 100083；4. 辽宁大学灾害岩体力学研究所辽宁沈阳 110036

收稿日期:2021-02-01 修回日期:2022-03-30 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-07-13
通讯作者: 赵扬锋，男，1979年生，博士，教授，主要从事矿山灾害力学的研究工作。E-mail: zhyf_20010284@sina.com E-mail: 415073794@qq.com
作者简介:刘玉春，女，1977年生，博士研究生，讲师，主要从事矿山灾害力学的研究工作。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（No.52074142，No.51974150）；辽宁省高校创新人才支持计划（No.LR2019032）。

Experimental study on fault rockburst instability by loading rate and fault dip

LIU Yu-chun^{1, 2}, JING Gang³, ZHAO Yang-feng¹, FAN Yi¹, PAN Yi-shan^{1, 4}

1. School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China; 2. College of Science, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China; 3. School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; 4. Institute of Disaster Rock Mechanics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, China

Received:2021-02-01 Revised:2022-03-30 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-07-13
Supported by:
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52074142, 51974150) and the University Innovation Talent Support Program of Liaoning Province(LR2019032).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究断层黏滑过程力学特征及规律，对预测断层矿震的发生具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。试验以粗晶正长花岗岩为例，采用双轴加载的方式进行直剪摩擦滑动试验，研究了不同断层倾角黏滑失稳特征，分析了不同侧压下加载速率为0.5、1.0、5.0 μm/s时对断层错动黏滑失稳的影响。研究结果表明：断层黏滑失稳时临界剪应力随着加载速率的增大是先减小再增大，而应力降随着加载速率的增大呈下降趋势，低速加载、高侧压时，断层发生黏滑所需的临界剪应力最大，断层发生黏滑时产生的应力降最大。侧压增大时，临界剪应力增大，平均应力降增大，平均黏滑周期增大。加载速率越低，平均应力降越大，同一侧压下平均黏滑周期越大，侧压变化对平均黏滑周期的影响越显著。黏滑周期与加载速度之间满足负对数线性关系，且不受侧压影响。断层倾角由56º变为45º时，在相同的侧压下临界剪应力增大，平均应力降减少，平均黏滑周期增大。断层倾角为34º试样达到峰值应力时，断层发生瞬间失稳现象，随着围压的增大，发生失稳时能量的释放也越大。大倾角断层易发生断层矿震，但释放能量小、震级低，而小倾角断层不易发生断层矿震，一旦发生失稳，释放的能量大震级高。开采速度对断层矿震的发生有着直接的影响，在某一开采速度下断层矿震最易发生，且释放能量也较大，在生产中一定要避开这个开采速度。

关键词: 断层矿震, 黏滑, 加载速率, 断层倾角, 应力降

Abstract: It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the mechanical characteristics and laws of fault-slip process for predicting the occurrence of fault rockburst. The test material is a kind of coarse-grained syenogranite, the characteristics of stick-slip instability in different fault dip are studied by biaxial loading method. The effects of loading rates of 0.5, 1 and 5 μm/s on the stick-slip instability of faults are studied under different lateral pressures. The results show that: The stress drop during the fault stick-slip instability decreases with the increase of loading speed. The critical shear stress during the fault stick-slip instability is the largest under a low loading speed and a high confining pressure, and the stress drop is the largest when the fault stick-slip occurs. The critical shear stress, the average stress drop and the average period of stick-slip increase when confining pressure increases. With loading rate decreases, average stress drop and average stick-slip period increase under the same confining pressure, and the influence of confining pressure on the average stick-slip period is more significant. The relationship between stick-slip period and loading speed is negative logarithmic linear, and it is not affected by lateral pressure. When the fault dip changes from 56º to 45º, the critical shear stress and the average stick-slip period increase, the average stress drop decreases under the same confining pressure. Fault dip has a significant influence on the stick-slip characteristics of faults. When the fault dip is 34º, the instantaneous instability of the fault occurs when the specimen stress reaches the peak stress, and the energy release increases with the increase of confining pressure. Mining speed has a direct impact on the occurrence of fault rockburst. Under a certain mining speed, fault rockburst is most likely to occur, and the released energy is also large, so the mining speed must be avoided in production.

Key words: fault rockburst, stick-slip, loading rate, fault dip, stress drop

中图分类号:

TU451

刘玉春, 荆刚, 赵扬锋, 樊艺, 潘一山, . 加载速率与断层倾角对断层矿震失稳影响的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2022, 43(S1): 35-45.

LIU Yu-chun, JING Gang, ZHAO Yang-feng, FAN Yi, PAN Yi-shan, . Experimental study on fault rockburst instability by loading rate and fault dip[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2022, 43(S1): 35-45.

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加载速率与断层倾角对断层矿震失稳影响的试验研究

Experimental study on fault rockburst instability by loading rate and fault dip

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Experimental study on fault rockburst instability by loading rate and fault dip

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加载速率与断层倾角对断层矿震失稳影响的试验研究