岩土力学 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 3435-3447.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2022.1936

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同坡度植被边坡降雨入渗和径流侵蚀规律的试验研究

黄少平,陈俊毅,肖衡林,陶高梁   

  1. 湖北工业大学 土木建筑与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430068
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-11 接受日期:2023-04-04 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-21
  • 通讯作者: 肖衡林,男,1977年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事环境岩土工程、生态脆弱区生态修复等方面的研究。E-mail: xiao-henglin@163.com E-mail:hsp@cug.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄少平,男,1989年生,博士,讲师,主要从事环境岩土工程、生态脆弱区生态修复等方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(No.U22A20232);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.52078195);湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(No.2020CFA046);湖北省自然科学基金(No.2022CFB833)。

Test on rules of rainfall infiltration and runoff erosion on vegetated slopes with different gradients

HUANG Shao-ping, CHEN Jun-yi, XIAO Heng-lin, TAO Gao-liang   

  1. School of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
  • Received:2022-12-11 Accepted:2023-04-04 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-21
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Key Program of Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20232), the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52078195), the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department (2020CFA046) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2022CFB833).

摘要: 为研究不同坡度植被边坡降雨入渗和径流侵蚀的规律,开展大型边坡模型降雨试验,对边坡含水率、水土流失等参数进行实时监测,量化分析坡度对边坡雨水入渗、坡面径流和土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明:在持时为4 h、降雨强度为60 mm/h持续降雨条件下,1:2、1:1.75、1:1.5裸土边坡累计雨水入渗量分别为同坡度植被边坡的70.6%、80.4%、92.3%,植被覆盖会加快雨水入渗速率,增大边坡累计雨水入渗量。植被边坡坡度越小,雨水入渗速率越快,累计雨水入渗量越大,而裸土边坡则相反。植被覆盖可有效降低坡面径流速率、减少累积径流量,边坡坡度越小,减流效果越显著,1:2、1:1.75、1:1.5植被边坡对比同坡度裸土边坡分别减少径流量53.11%、32.56%、17.73%。植被边坡水土流失含泥沙量均不足0.1%,植被可有效抑制坡面土壤侵蚀,而裸土边坡坡度越大坡面土壤侵蚀越严重,1:2、1:1.75、1:1.5裸土边坡单位面积侵蚀土壤质量分别为3.623、5.710、11.295 kg/m2,水土流失含泥沙量分别为3.06%、4.29%、7.34%。根据试验结果拟合得到裸土边坡产泥产沙总量y与坡度x、降雨时长t关系式:y=0.0028t-0.67x4.11t0.0647

关键词: 坡度, 植被边坡, 雨水入渗, 坡面径流, 土壤侵蚀

Abstract:

A large-scale rainfall experiment was carried out to investigate the rules of rainfall infiltration and runoff erosion of vegetated slopes with different gradients. The parameters such as slope water content and soil and water loss were monitored in real-time. The effects of slope gradient on rainwater infiltration, slope runoff and soil erosion were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that under a continuous rainfall condition of 4 h and 60 mm/h, the cumulative rainwater infiltration of bare soil slopes with 1:2, 1:1.75, and 1:1.5 are 70.6%, 80.4%, and 92.3% those of vegetated slopes with the same slope gradient. Vegetation cover will accelerate the rainwater infiltration rate and increase the cumulative rainwater infiltration of the slope. The smaller the slope gradient of the vegetated slopes, the faster the rainwater infiltration rate and the greater the cumulative rainwater infiltration, while the bare soil slopes are the opposite. Vegetation cover can effectively reduce runoff rate and cumulative runoff. The smaller the slope gradient, the more significant the effect of reducing runoff. Compared with the bare soil slopes with the same gradient, the vegetated slopes of 1:2, 1:1.75, and 1:1.5 reduce runoff by 53.11%, 32.56%, and 17.73%, respectively. The sediment content of soil and water loss in vegetated slopes is less than 0.1%. Vegetation cover can effectively restrain soil erosion on the slope. The larger the bare soil gradient is, the more serious the slope erosion is. The soil erosion unit areas of 1:2, 1:1.75 and 1:1.5 bare soil slope are 3.623, 5.710, and 11.295 kg/m2, and the sediment contents of soil and water loss are 3.06%, 4.29%, and 7.34%, respectively. Based on the test results, the relationship between the total amount of mud and sediment yield of bare soil slope y and slope gradient x and rainfall duration t is y=0.0028t-0.67x4.11t0.0647  .

Key words: slope gradient, vegetated slope, rainfall infiltration, slope runoff, soil erosion

中图分类号: 

  • TU42
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