Abstract: Floods in Xinjiang are characterized by steep rising and falling, high content of silt, sudden strong flood etc. Alluvial river bed has a bigger profile grade while keeping balance of scouring and aggregation in the upstream and in the middle stream. The problem of scouring to flood control works is obvious during flooding periods. Profile grade in the middle stream and downstream become small while rivers bed frequent swings and shifts. Unbalanced sand moving from longitudinal section and cross section have caused river situation to be changed, river bed to scoure, thus resulting in outburst of river banks and flood disease. By analyzing the characteristics of rivers and river bed in Xinjiang, hydrologic factors, river bed development, river scouring and aggravation based on the characteristics of rivers in Xinjiang and local flood control practice, the paper provides approach of river treatment and layout methods of flood control works and discusses selection of designing factors of different parts of flood control works, structure types of flood control buildings.