岩土力学 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 242-252.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2018.2215

• 岩土工程研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

高水头下大型导流洞新型堵头-围 岩相互作用规律与安全评价

翁永红1，张练2，徐唐锦1，黄书岭2，丁秀丽2   

  1. 1. 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司，湖北 武汉 430010； 2. 长江科学院 水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室，湖北 武汉，430010
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-06 修回日期:2019-05-06 出版日期:2020-01-13 发布日期:2020-01-05
  • 作者简介:翁永红，男，1964年生，本科，教授级高级工程师，主要从事水利水电工程设计与科研工作
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题（No.2016YFC0401909）；国家自然科学基金项目（No.51779018，No.51539002）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目（No.CKSF2017054/YT）

Safety evaluation on interaction of new plug structure and surrounding rock mass under high water head

WENG Yong-hong1, ZHANG Lian2, XU Tang-jin1, HUANG Shu-ling2, DING Xiu-li2   

  1. 1. Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
  • Received:2018-12-06 Revised:2019-05-06 Online:2020-01-13 Published:2020-01-05
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFC0401909), the National Science Foundation of China (51779018, 51539002) and the Basic Research Fund for Central Research Institutes of Public Welfare (CKSF2017054/YT).

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摘要： 水利水电工程导流隧洞围岩?堵头协同承载的稳定性对于电站蓄水发电和安全运行至关重要。乌东德水电站左、右岸导流隧洞采用柱形堵头取代传统的扩挖楔形堵头，这种新型堵头结构型式在所处围岩条件和高水头作用下的安全性是否满足工程要求是需要回答的重要问题。采用物探、试验等多种手段，并结合能够模拟围岩?堵头渐进失稳破坏过程的数值计算方法，分析了高水头作用下直柱形、曲柱形、楔形等不同结构型式堵头与围岩相互作用的力学响应规律及其安全性，获得的主要结果包括：（1）给出了不同型式堵头与围岩相互作用条件下的抗滑力计算公式，揭示了扩挖楔形堵头?围岩协同承载的“楔形夹持效应”和曲柱形堵头?围岩协同承载的“弯段效应”等力学机制；（2）获得的乌东德导流洞堵头段围岩与混凝土的接触状态显示，堵头段衬砌?喷层?围岩整体接触紧密、胶结良好，接触面未见软弱充填物及张开现象，同时建议了这些接触面抗剪切强度参数；（3）在高水头作用下，不同类型堵头?围岩相互作用的变形规律基本一致，堵头压缩变形传递影响范围约为堵头长度1/2，水压力引起的变形影响范围约为1倍洞跨，且堵头混凝土与围岩间抗剪作用未完全发挥，有效抗剪作用范围约为1倍洞跨；（4）当堵头与围岩之间接触面力学性状较差时，堵头安全裕度由高到低依次为楔形堵头、曲柱形堵头、直柱型；当堵头与围岩之间接触面性状较好时，采用柱形堵头可提供与传统楔形堵头基本相同的安全裕度。最后，对乌东德水电站导流洞施工期及运行期堵头?围岩相互作用的安全性进行了评价，表明柱形堵头结构可承受的安全荷载在3.1～7.4倍设计水头之间，大于所执行规范要求的安全系数，采用柱形结构型式是可行的，可为类似工程提供参考。

关键词: 乌东德水电站, 大型导流洞, 直柱形堵头, 曲柱形堵头, 围岩?堵头相互作用, 力学响应, 安全评价

Abstract: The stability of diversion tunnel’s carrying capacity jointly provided by the surrounding rock mass and plug is essential for the power generation and safe operation of hydropower projects. The diversion tunnels of Wudongde hydropower plant use column plugs instead of traditional expanded wedge plugs. Whether the safety of the new plug structure interacting with specific surrounding rock mass and subjecting to high water head conditions meets the engineering requirements is an important issue that needs verification. The paper analyzes different types of plugs, including straight column, curved column and wedge shape plugs under the action of high water head by using geophysical exploration, testing and other means in combination with numerical calculation that simulates the process of progressive failure of the interface between the surrounding rock and plug. The main results obtained include: 1) the calculation formula of anti-sliding force under the interaction of different types of plugs and surrounding rock is given, and the wedge-shaped plug is proposed. The ‘clamping effect’ of wedge-shaped plug and the ‘bending section effect’ of curved column plug are analysed. 2) The contact state between the surrounding rock and the concrete in the plug section of the Wudongde diversion tunnel is obtained showing that the interfaces of the plug section between the lining, shotcrete and surrounding rock are tightly contacted and well cemented without any weak filling or opening on the contact surfaces. The shear strength parameters of these contact surfaces are also suggested. 3) Under the action of high head, the deformation law of different types of plugs and surrounding rock mass interaction is basically the same, and the impact range of plug compression deformation approximately halves the plug length. The deformation range caused by water pressure is approximately 1 times the tunnel span, and the shearing effect between the concrete and the surrounding rock is not fully exerted. The effective shearing impacting area is approximately 1 time the tunnel span. 4) When the mechanical properties of the contact surface between the plug and the surrounding rock are poor, the safety ranking of plugs from high to low is wedge-shaped plug, curved column plug, straight column type. When the contact surface between the plug and the surrounding rock mass is favourable, the column plug can provide the same safety margin as the traditional wedge-shaped plug. Finally, the safety evaluation on the interaction of the plug and surrounding rock mass in the diversion tunnel of Wudongde hydropower plant during construction and operation periods is achieved, indicating that the safety load borne by the column plug structure can range between 3.1 and 7.4 times the design head, obtaining a safety factor greater than the required specification. Therefore, a column structure is feasible and can be used as a reference for similar projects.

Key words: Wudongde hydropower station, large-scale diversion tunnel, straight column plug, curved column plug, surrounding rock mass and plug interaction, mechanical response, safety evaluation

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