Coupled governing differential equations for both moisture transfer and heat flow are introduced. The approach adopted is based on the total potential for liquid flow being composed of the temperature potential, the elevation and the capillary potential. Besides, a simplified governing equation with heat source is given. The solutions of a semi-infinite unsaturated porous medium subjected to a plane heat source with variable strength with time on its free surface are studied. The numerical integral methods for calculating the unsteady temperature field, volumetric water content field are studied. The evolutions of temperature and moisture content are given under the conditions of constant and variable heat strengths; and the gravitational influences are also analyzed.

The objective was to analyze the water-weakening feature and the weakening mechanism of the slate taken from the engineering of the west route of water transfer from south to north in China. Some experiments were done including measuring the change of water absorptions, contact angles, the microstructures of the minerals, the porosities and the strength of the rocks in different absorption by SEM, powder X-ray diffraction analysis and the triaxial compression experiment. Some conclusions are drawn from these experiments as follows: (1) when flooding into water, the absorption was affected by the location and density of the layer surfaces, and increased with the dipping time in the first few days till it kept stable at last; (2) in the SEM images the grains of the slates bulged and the structure relaxed, which made the porosity increased without confinement and the volume bulge lagged behind the water absorption; (3) the triaxial compression results show that the slates weakened and the peak strength of the slates declined with the absorption increased in minus logarithm law; (4) from the variety trends of microstructure and contact, the capillary force and the tension force of the slates decreased with the absorption, which made the adhesive force declined. In the macroscopic view, it is shown that the slates weakened with water. The slate is anisotropic which made the volume dilation in the perpendicular direction to the layers bigger than the parallel direction. As a result, the slate are easier to failure following the layer surfaces.

The embankment safety is influenced by quantitative or qualitative factors. Some factors are fuzzy and uncertain. To evaluate embankment safety, this paper constructs the models obtaining subjective and objective weight of experts with the methods of fuzzy mathematics, pattern recognition and dynamic clustering. Based on above models, a model is proposed to build the synthetical weight model combining subjective weight and objective weight. The example shows that the proposed methods are feasible and reasonable in assessing embankment safety.

In order to incorporate the strain-softening and shear dilatation behavior of geomaterials in the analysis, a strain-softening stress-strain model with stress-dropping and a simplified model of ?v-?1 and ?1-?3 are adopted. Based on the extended spatial mobilization plane (SMP) theory, the governing equations of axisymmetric problem in the plane strain condition, the partial differential equations for the boundary-value problem of cavity expansion in cohesive soils are established; and the closed-form solutions of stresses, strains, displacements in the elastic and plastic regions are obtained. Consequently, the maximum radius of plastic region and ultimate cavity pressure are solved for cylindrical cavity expansion. Based on numerical results, the strain-softening rate and the effects of soil dilatancy on expansion of cylindrical cavity are examined. Also a comparative study is made for the present solution and current solution based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion in order to display the effect of intermediate principal stress. The results indicate that soil strain-softening and shear dilatancy as well as the intermediate stress have considerable effect on both ultimate cavity pressure and maximum radius of plastic region in the cylindrical cavity expansion.

Effective stress analysis (ESA) is reduced to total stress analysis (TSA) usually by means of setting pore-water pressures at all nodes as zero, which is similar to introduce zero-pressure boundary condition (BC) and therefore decreases the versatility of programs. Terzaghi’s general effective stress principle is introduced into large deformation consolidation theory in this paper, and the corresponding incremental finite element formulations are derived. By means of setting general effective stress coefficient (GESC) as zero, a new method for reducing large deformation ESA to TSA is proposed. The presented method can be easily used without modifying any BC at all, as well as a clear concept and the increase of versatility of large deformation program of ESA. A case study was carried out; and the results show that the proposed method is as effective as expected. Setting GESC with the value of 1 and 0 respectively in the same model, the precise results could be obtained for the prediction of consolidation settlement, ultimate settlement and the degree of consolidation at any point under arbitrary load. The presented method provides an efficient tool for engineering design and construction control.

The system of evaluation index, methods normalizing index values and assessment methods are the key problems on dam behavior evaluation. The information matter-element system was built to assess dam behavior. Based on the thought of multi-index fusion, fuzzy matter-element model evaluating dam behavior was constructed by matter-element transform. This model can process comprehensively geological data, results of numerical analysis, measurement data, experiential knowledge, and so on. Dam behavior can be described by the qualitative and quantitative manners. According to the development trend of quantitative results, dam behavior can be expressed dynamically with three dimensional pattern. The combined results of weights of matter-element characteristic and weights of characteristic value can be obtained by use of optimization algorithm. As an example, the proposed method was used to assess a concrete dam. The result shows that the global safety can be ranged between normal and basically normal. The numerical example shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and the evaluation results are reasonable.

The rock caverns located under groundwater level is subjected to the coupling action of stress field with seepage field; and the deformation of surrounding rock varies with time. Based on the fundamental theories of rock mass hydraulics and rheological mechanics, the rheological model on coupled stress field and seepage field is set up. The related finite element formulas are derived for rock mass; and the concretely executive process is given for the finite element analysis of coupled stress field and seepage field. The rheological model established may be applied to the long-term stability analysis for underground caverns and slope engineering under the condition of coupled stress field and seepage field.

Jointed rock mass is an important study object of engineering slope. The mechanical features of anchored jointed rock mass are studied by numerical modeling (3DEC). Taking the anchors of left bank slope of Longtan Hydropower Station in Guangxi Autonomous Region for example, the equivalent mechanical parameters of anchored jointed rock mass in the slope are deduced. Uniaxial compression test and direct shear test of rock as well as direct shear test of joint are performed by numerical modeling. The errors of results are analyzed and amended. The equivalent mechanical parameters of anchored jointed rock mass are determined that the deformation modulus, friction angle and cohesion of rock as well as friction angle of joint are the same as before while the cohesion of joint is enhanced from 50kPa to 122kPa. The final conclusions accord with the results of actual physics test. The feasibility and reliability that using numerical modeling to carry out these rock mechanics tests are verified.

After comparing the transient heat conduction equation and the pore pressure generation-dissipation equation, this thesis presented a simplified method, basing on which we could apply the thermal-structure coupled field module of ANSYS to analyze the dynamic response of earth-rock dam conveniently. This method is similar to TT method, though, it is more appropriate to call it an improved TT method, because in this method the mechanical parameters of the soil materials are adjusted continually to simulate the coupled effect between the distortion of the soil skeleton and the dissipation of the pore pressure, which leads to a more precise simulation of the real condition. Finally, this approach was applied to calculate the three-dimensional seismic response of the earth core rockfill dam of Yunlong reservoir; and some valuable conclusions were drawn.

A qualitative and quantitative research is conducted on the meso-structure of a novel geo-material—lightweight sand-EPS beads soil (LSES) by a medical CT machine. CT images, average CT value(ME) and SDs for different scanning sections are analyzed under various cement contents(CC) and EPS-bead contents(Ve /Vs). With increasing CC, MEs increase, the structure of LSES become denser, hence the initial damages decrease. whereas when Ve /Vs increases, C-S-H has lower efficiency to coat EPS beads and infill the voids between particles; and Ve /Vs is linear to the MEs in this test. Additionally, due to different SD distribution for sections, LSES is defined as a special structural soil with highly different local void ratio distributions; and CC and Ve /Vs are the major factors influencing its structure.

Both the finite-cover technique and radial point-interpolation method are integrated together to develop an element-free radial point-interpolation procedure based on finite covers which takes both advantages of these two types of numerical methods. The shape functions constructed by the proposed method have the property of Kronecker ? -function which made the essential boundary conditions be easily implemented. The fundamental theory of this procedure is illustrated; and numerical analyses of examples show that the proposed procedure is an effective and simple method with higher computational accuracy.

The traditional calculation method of pile capping beam is inverted consecutive beam method which cannot reflect the influence of pile stiffness variance and the partaking of soil, and can’t simulate sequence of soil under beam and diffusion of stress-strain. Firstly, load transferring method is used to calculate stiffness of pile; and an auto-adjustment method that can adjust counter pressure of beam bottom is put forward; then combining the Newmark calculation principle, an inner-force analysis method is deduced which considering pile bearing capacity variance and pile shaft section variance and soil plastic deformation. Finally, the comparative calculation was done with the data from an engineering instance, the calculation result shows that the new method introduced is coincide well with actual status.

Segment joint stiffness K? is an important parameter for the design of shield tunnel segment. Basing on the test data of load cushion and water-proof plastic, the joint’s mechanical characteristic has been analyzed and the nonlinear relation between the segment joint stiffness and joint’s internal force has also been obtained. In order to make convenient application for engineering, the article has established a bilinear joint stiffness model for shield segment joints. Because the model has provided the foundation to determine the key parameters of modified routine method and beam-spring method, calculation of shield tunnel segment becomes more rational.

The computation methods of bearing capacity of binary pile composite subgrades are analyzed roundly; and some wrong laying methods of load test board are pointed out; at the same time, some methods of load test are put forward for binary pile composite subgrades.

Based on the dynamic winkler-foundation beam model and interfacial transfer matrix scheme, the explicit expressions indicating force-displacement relationship of piles are derived under combinative axial and lateral loads in layered-soil. In terms of the improved Gazetas’s three-step procedure for pile-soil-pile interaction in homogenous media, a new method for calculating dynamic interaction factors for strata-soil is suggested under harmonic excitation. A relatively concise scheme to horizontal dynamic effect on pile-group considering the influence of axial load is expatiated. The vibration characteristic including frequency-dependent displacements and internal forces of pile-group could be also roundly revealed by the presented method.

The theory of interaction between superstructure and foundation including pile foundation how to be extended to the up-down construction method is expounded in detail. With this program, the force and deformation in the diaphragm wall, slab and mid-post pile at the different stages of consruction and raft or box foundation before and after pouring of concrete can be computed. The load-sharing between piles and diaphragm wall can be also computed. And then, a 238m high and 60-storey super-tall building with 10-storey podium, excavation depth of 18.75-24.00 m and area of 22 000 m2 is taken for example to compute the force and deformation at the different stages of up-down construction. The comparison of deformation between the monitoring and computed results demonstrates the feasiability and reasonableness of interaction theory presented here. Evidently, this theory can provide a good condition for improving the design and construction level.

Fenghuoshan and Kunlunshan Tunnels lie in hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, of which the altitude is about 5 000 m. The problems of the life and health of workers , the protection of permafrost and the quality of tunnel become very severity because of lack of oxygen, coldness and bad geological condition in permafrost regions. The governing differential equations of construction circumstances temperature field and the surrounding-rock temperature field are established. The simulation of temperature field, the development and application of the construction ventilation and heating unit, the system of making and supplying oxygen, and the system of monitoring and controlling made the general controlling of air temperature and air quality become realism; it can provide important technology guarantee and appropriate working condition.

For soil samples of same soil mass, based on traditional consolidation undrainage triaxial compression tests and true triaxial undrainage plane strain tests under loading and unloading conditions, it is pointed out that soil sample possesses different deformation characteristics and failure characteristics when soil sample is imposed on different stress paths; and these different characteristics are reflected by different changing tendency of average principal stress and ratio q/p of soil sample. At last, according to Matsuoka-Nakai failure criterion and its corresponding new transferred expressing formula, its strength failure parameter k2 value is optimized; and test results show that the Matsuoka-Nakai failure criterion can give a reliable strength failure prediction for soil mass.

The transportation and migration mechanism of organic contaminants in the soil was analyzed. Based on the above, a model of non-equilibrium adsorption dynamics behavior of organic contaminants transport has been established; and the numerical method of solving the optimization model has been presented. The model is used to predict the contaminated process of leachate transport. The effects of the parameters such as rainfall, layer of garbage, rate of water content in model are studied. In conclusion, under the certain pollutant source, the enlargement of rainfall and pollution soil layer will reduce the content of the organic contaminants of the soil in bottom layer. It provides theory evidence for quantitatively studying distribution and inclination of organic pollutants transport in soil-water environment. The reliable evidence is given to monitor, manage and recovery the pollution of groundwater. The potential pollution should be paid more attention to.

By wave function expansion method, an analytical solution for two-dimensional scattering of plane SH waves around a canyon with multi-layered alluvia was given; and effect of the sequence of the alluvial layers on the scattering of SH waves was studied by an example of a canyon with three alluvial layers. It was demonstrated that, the sequence of alluvial layers in a canyon changes predominant frequencies of the canyon significantly; and large amplification to the incident wave may be caused for certain sequence of the alluvial layers; stiffness and thickness of the alluvial layers, and depth-to-width ratio of the canyon, etc. have influences on the amplification.

The Monte Carlo searching method (Abdallah I. Husein, 2001) has two shortcomings, one is that its result has random characteristic, the other is that it is inclined to fall into the local extremum in complex condition. This paper extends the method by transferring random angle of rotation to constant angle of rotation, which makes it determinate method. Several examples show that extended method (EMC) has both the characteristics of random walking and random jumping, so that it is higher precious and more effective; and moreover EMC can work properly whether or not the initial slip surface is convergence solving safety factor. Although the rotation angle has a little influence on results by EMC, in practical engineering only several angles need to be tried to obtain reasonable results; unless slope mass has slightness weak layers, when more tries of different angles or several various initial slip surfaces are needed.

A 3D finite element model has been presented to investigate the dynamic response of transition zone between the bridge and highway. The traffic load is regarded as a periodically moving load and has been implemented into ABAQUS code as a user subroutine VDLOAD. The dynamic stress, displacement and pavement cracking in transition zone under one cycle or some cycles are closely studied by using ABAQUS standard and explicit module. It can be concluded that the accumulation of the bridge-approach settlement makes pavement cracking under traffic loading; and the pavement will fracture completely as the cracking runs through the pavement structure. So, the service level of highway will be degraded again.

Using the theoretical analysis results for the piles in soils undergoing lateral movement and the numerical simulation based on the finite element method, the sheltering effect of previously driven piles on the soil displacements in soft soils in pile driving engineering is discussed. The research shows that the sheltering effect of previously driven piles on the total lateral soil displacement is little. Different shear stiffness factors of the interface elements are used to analyze the influence of time interval between later and previously driven piles on the sheltering effect of previously driven piles. The sheltering effect of previously driven piles on ground heave is contributed mainly to the horizontal block to the soil movement and the restraining of soil heave by the large shaft friction for the short and long time interval, respectively.

The sudden increase of sliding displacement of base when losing stability and failing was well explained by analyzing the stability of trip foundation on clay considering lateral force and bending moment effect with cusp-catastrophe model theory. The effect of lateral force and bending moment, the density of soil and the depth of foundation, high order of displacement, the variation of displacement field with lateral force, etc. on the base’s stability and its catastrophe character was discussed. The analysis shows that when parameters go across bifurcation set, the foundation will get unstable and failed due to its sudden sliding change in a jumping style; when the variation of displacement field with lateral force is neglected, the analysis result might be unsafe.

Through two group tests on clayey soils with different water contents under Quick-soaking, slow-soaking, freezing-thawing, different stresses; the following studies were performed: the relationship between mechanical strength and microstructure dynamic environmental energyfield of clayey soil; the interrelation between the microstructure dynamic environmental energyfield; changing of external environment and medium environmental intrinsic of clayey soil. The results show that the water soaking is vital to microstructure, its influence on shear strength is higher than it on deformation properties of clayey soil obviously; when number of blows of more wet and vibrated soil increased, the damage of initial construction increased, but the later strength of construction increased for a little. Analysis indicates that the freezing-thawing is most important to failure of microstructure of soil; the second is slow-soaking.

The cracking behavior of expansive soil due to evaporation are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The critical value of matrix suction for initial cracking is presented, which is according with results of the site test. With the linear elastic mechanics, the depth of initial cracking for expansive soil is put forward and the relations between the depth of initial cracking and soil parameters such as tensile strength, Poisson’s ratio and gravity density, are discussed in detail.

Anti-slide pile is widely used in landslide improvement in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. How about the effectiveness of the anti-slide piles construction and if it can ensure the landslide stability under the long period reservoir level fluctuation, which is one of the important subjects to be studied urgently. Taking Baishuigou landslide, which is the sub-landslide of Tianjiaping paleo-landslide located in the new Badong County, as a example, based on the engineering geological investigation results and anti-slide pile design data, the 2D finile element model was developed and the rational calculation parameters of the rock and soil and pile were chosen. According to the simulation scheme, with ANSYS software, with pile and without pile, the landslide stability under water level fluctuation, considering gravity only and gravity and strom, was simulated and analyzed separately. Based on them, we analyzed the effects of nti-slide pile under water level fluctuation and storm. The results show that: ① the deformation and failure mechanism of Baishuigou landslide is a pull-type. The landslide stability under storm and water level drawdown from 175m to 145m decreases; during the period water level fluctuation, the landslide stability gradually decrease further to failure. ② the piles, designed under water level drawdown considering the storm, is effective under storm and water level drawdown form 175m to 145m; ③ after a long term period water leverl fluctuation, the deformation has apparently gradually further incrtease; the landslide stability decrease further. Even though the anti-slide pile has anti-slide effectiveness, the anti-slide effectiveness is gradually decrease. Hence, we should consider the effect of the period water level fluctuation when we design antl-slide pile.

A landslide risk assessment and management considering time effect is proposed. From a statistical point of view, a time-dependent reliability approach for deteriorating slopes is formulated based on about 20-year observed performance of 16 000 soil cut slopes in Hong Kong. The annual probability of failure for new slopes is deduced; and an approach is presented to predict the annual probability of failure for existing slopes within next service time. Risk acceptance criteria in terms of annual risk of fatality are selected. Based on them, a risk based maintenance planning for slopes is obtained. The results indicate that the landslide risk assessment and management considering time effect can be capable of capturing the deteriorating characteristics of slopes effectively. The annual probability of failure for new slopes increases with time. It increases significantly when the service time of slope is longer than a decade. The relationship between the annual probability of failure for existing slopes and service time is approximately linear. In addition, the maintenance planning used in Geoguide 5 can reduce the risk of slope failure to the ALAPR region or the acceptable region effectively.

The deflection of precast piles and excavation problems induced by pile driving are introduced through an engineering case of pile foundation treatment of a power plant. The treatment and effectiveness by use of prefabricated drains method to dissipate the excess pore pressure by pile driving are also introduced under the condition without external loads. The excavation problems of the main power house under high pore pressure is solved; and factors related with prefabricated drains to dissipate pore pressure are analyzed. The observed results and engineering practice show that the pile foundation treatment by use of prefabricated drains is fast and economic; and it employs no external loads, however, the treatment effectiveness relates with the horizontal drainage system.

Utilizing the finite element method, the mechanical responses of base cracking in semi-rigid pavement are analyzed. The research believed that the road surface deflection cannot accurately reflect the destruction condition of the semi-rigid pavement structure. After the crosswise cracking of the base, the bituminous pavement destruction is mainly controlled by the shearing stress. The longitudinal tensile stresses, shearing stress of the two sides of the base cracking rapidly increase; and cause the two sides of the cross-oint base to form the serious destruction. It has left behind the serious hidden danger, which will form the water damage to escape spatially in the board bottom of the cross joint place, then cause cracking and settlement of the surface layer along the two sides of the cross-joint. In the base, the longitudinal cracking of each level, not only causes the cracking further to expand to the upper formation, then causes the overall longitudinal cracking of the pavement structure, but also creates the condition for the crosswise weary fracture. When the size of the base tectonic plate is bigger than the critical dimension 1 m×1 m, the structure still belongs to the semi-rigid pavement. When the size of the base tectonic plate is smaller than this value, the stress and strain conditions of the pavement structure tend to belong in the flexible pavement.

By means of direct shear test of the riverbed sandy cobble and broken stone, the shearing strength parameters variation regular pattern are comparatively analyzed under different test conditions; and dry density or percent fines adjust sandy cobble and broken stone shearing strength. The results of test indicated that the shearing strength parameters are increased if dry density are improved for the two kinds of coarse grained soil; the fricton angles are stable amount in little percent fines, the shearing strength parameters are reduced when percent fines are increased. The interlocking force are tended to stable amount when dry density are much improved in different test conditions for different coarse grained soil. The test results indicated that the shearing strength parameters of the unsaturated consolidation direct shear test are larger than the saturated consolidation and riverbed sandy cobble shearing strength are larger than broken stone’s too. The shearing strength parameters are increased if dry density are improved and finally to steady tendency for the same riverbed sandy cobble。

The dynamic triaxial apparatus is the more important and popular testing apparatus in researching the soil’s dynamic properties. But the testing results are separate in some measure, which were caused by man made and the apparatus itself. For example, the phasic value of the bidirectional loads isn’t the value given in advance, which will lead to some error. So are the resistance and the hysteresis quality of the testing data from the apparatus. In order to enhance the exactness of the testing result, it is very essential to analyze the cause of error and to present some proposals about its mending.

More than two thousands data were obtained by the observations posted to the projects of Jiaozuo-Gongyi Yellow River bridge joint road. Variance index of the settlements of soft clay subgrade was inducted to analyze the asymmetry settlement rules under the influence of depth of fill, fill speed, geologic types of soft clay etc. Some conclusions were drawn; and these can be used in the research of soft clay.

The dynamic-triaxial test was carried out to study the dynamic characteristics of granitic residual soil under repeated loading. The curve describing the granitic residual soil dynamic strength dependence of loading-number and the acceptable permanent strain is depicted. The variation of the dynamic characteristics with the change of the confining pressure, compacted factor and moisture content is discussed. As a result, the design principle of the subgrade through the dynamic characteristics is brought forward.

The static cone penetration test formula for vacuum preloading foundation in soft soil area has never reported in China. Through years of practice in Huanghua Lough, a set of static cone penetration test formula has been obtained for vacuum preloading foundation in soft soil area by researching on the correlativity among cone point resistance, physico-mechanical indexes in 11 projects. The set of formula has important reference sense to calculate the foundation bearing capacity, modulus of compressibility, undrained shear strength, ultimate side resistance of pile, and to assess the character of vacuum preloading foundation in soft soil area.

Geological storage is one of potentially effective means of reducing anthropogenic atmospheric emission of CO2 to mitigate the worsening global climate change. Depleted natural gas reservoirs are likely be used to store anthropogenic CO2 because of their good geologic trap, huge storage capacities, existing infrastructures include transport pipelines and wells that can markedly reduce the cost of CO2 storage, and abundant experiences derived from underground natural gas storage projects. Based on the depth of gas fields derived from natural gas prospects and the natural gas reserve, the CO2 storage capacity in gas basins is estimated. About 304.83×108 t CO2 that is about 9.2 times as against the total CO2 emission of China in 2002 can be store in the gas basins. The proved CO2 capacity in gas basins reaches to 41.03×108 t which is 1.2 times as against the total CO2 emission of China in 2002.

The current viewpoints on the modifying coefficient problem of end-bearing resistance of large diameter belled piles are different. The results of four groups contrastive field full-scale axial loading tests investigating the influence of base diameter to end-bearing resistance and settlement behavior of large diameter belled piles in a clay layer site are discussed. Also, a plane finite element model is adopted to analyse the bearing mechanism of large diameter belled piles. Based on the tests and numerical simulation, a study on modifying coefficient of end-bearing resistance of large diameter belled piles is carried out; and some conclusions are drawn as follows. Firstly, the modifying coefficient of end-bearing resistance of large diameter belled piles is essentially a kind of dimension modifying coefficient. The coefficient behave as a modifying coefficient of deformation or strength of base soil layer formally. Secondly, under certain precondition , the relative modifying coefficient method can make piles obtain larger end-bearing resistance in pile foundation design. Finally, other related problems on which attention should be paid are proposed.

The maintained roadway by applying gob-side entry retaining technique will undergo the impact of excavation and two-time intensive mining. In order to insure to apply gob-side entry retaining technique successfully, some factors that include the supporting design and construction during excavating, the selection of roadside supporting way during retaining the roadway and the reinforced supporting method during actual mining of next working face should been systematically taken into account for the roadway which needs retaining. So the gob-side entry retaining technique is a systems engineering. According to this point, a test of gob-side entry retaining technique has been practised in transportation roadways of No. Ⅲ3215 working face in Daihe Coal Mine, Huaibei Mining Group Corporation. It is used bolt-mesh-cable support in the roadway, dense I-steel pillar and gangue or broken coal wall support roadside. The ground pressure behavior regularity of retaining roadway were obtained based on the ground pressure observation. Industrial test and application practice show that the good tech-economic effect has been achieved.

Frictional parameters of HDPE-sand interface are measured using tilting table device. In order to analyze the factors influencing frictional properties, three kinds of HDPE with different asperities and three kinds of sands with different states are used in the experiments. Tilting table tests are conducted under a normal stress range of 1.0–9.0 kPa to simulate frictional characteristics under low stresses. It is found from the results that the interface dimensions, asperity of HDPE, the state of sand have effects on the frictional properties. Test results indicate that: (1) the larger the interface, the bigger the frictional angle is; (2) the rougher the HDPE surface, the bigger the frictional angle is; (3) frictional angle of wet sand and HDPE interface is bigger than that of dry sand; (4) frictional angle of loose sand and HDPE interface is smaller than that of dense sand.

The real-time modeling and rambling on the multi-scale and different resolution digital elevation model (DEM) are very important in the geographic information system (GIS) technique; but, simultaneously, it is also of difficulties in algorithmic programming. Herein both DEM and spline functions are analyzed and studied in rather detailed fashion with more attentions to the visualization and numerical simulation of geotechnical slope objects. By banding together both the approaches, which are nonuniform B-spline surface fitting and quasi-uniform B-spline wavelet multi-scale decomposition, the modeling multi-scale digital elevation model (MsDEM) is performed; and the related algorithm is derived. The proposed approach, MsDEM, is applied to a visualized simulation of the slide DEM, which is based on the field data of Hanjiaya slope located in mountains in one constructing Wuhan-Shiyan Highway. The results manifest that the algorithm modeling is realistic and the multi-scale resolution is visible. The proposed modeling approach is efficient and promising.

Based on structure nature, firstly, the granularity constituent, micro-structure and physico-mechanical parameters of granite residual soil (GRS) are studied; secondly, the shortages of the existing classification methods are analyzed; thirdly, the granularity quantitatively affecting on classification is studied; so that, main conclusions are drawn as follows: GRS is a mixed-particle soil or a mixture of coarse and fine soil particles, so both coarse and fine faction should be comprehensively considered for the classification; the physico-mechanical parameters are affected in varying degrees by disturbance, in which, the cohesive force and compression coefficient (or compression modulus) are much more serious than the porosity ratio, internal friction angle and plastic index, so the latter is suitable for the classification study, but the former isn’t; Soil Engineering Classification Criterion (GBJ145－90) is suitable for GRS on classifying coarse and fine soils; the content 35 % of granule over 0.5 mm is the dividing line for granularity effects. Finally, a new classification method or comprehensive classification method is advanced. The new method will contribute to study in depth on engineering natures of GRS.

Soda waste is a kind of industrial waste when the traditional soda production technology is adopted. The accumulated soda waste by the Tianjin Soda Factory only has taken places up to several square kilometers. This paper deals with a procedure to mix the soda waste with some other materials such as fly ash and concrete, to form a new type of soil for land reclamation and road foundation. The chemical contents, geotechnical properties and the environmental effect of the mixtures are studied. The bearing capacity and the field stability of the foundations made of the soda waste mixtures are tested. The research results show that the mixtures can provide enough bearing capacity for road foundation and room foundation, and is especially good for land reclamation, in which less treatment is needed. The mixtures should be used far away from water sources and farm zone. Therefore, the mixtures can be used in the coastal areas where the environmental effect of the soda waste mixtures is no worse than the local soils.

There are many landslide disasters in Yunnan Province of China. Many problems of landslide stability occur during the course of constructing highways in Yunnan Province too. It is proved to be crucial in the analyses of landslides stability to obtain the more exact parameters of slip surface. Firstly, the content and the main research method of the parameter analysis of slip surface are held up. Secondly, when the stability of basalt landslide on a highway in Yunnan Province is analyzed; in-site test are adopted to obtain the parameters of slip surface, because sliding mass of basalt landslide are loosen and sampling is difficult. Lastly, the robust regression analysis method is used to deal with the test data and calculate on the parameters of slip surface. Compared with other routine methods, the robust regression analysis method can reduce availably the effect of abnormal value, and then the results are more credible. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the restorations of residual shear strength on time effect are considered on analysis of the parameters of the fossil landslide slip surface.