断层黏滑失稳过程声-电信号响应特征研究

doi:10.16285/j.rsm.2023.0534

岩土力学 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 973-990.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2023.0534

断层黏滑失稳过程声-电信号响应特征研究

赵扬锋^{1, 2}，丁玲¹，王学滨³，樊艺¹，荆刚⁴

1. 辽宁工程技术大学力学与工程学院，辽宁阜新 123000；2. 辽宁工程技术大学辽宁省矿山沉陷灾害防治重点实验室，辽宁阜新123000； 3. 辽宁工程技术大学计算力学研究所，辽宁阜新 123000；4. 中国矿业大学（北京）能源与矿业学院，北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-04-28 接受日期:2023-10-25 出版日期:2024-04-17 发布日期:2024-04-17
作者简介:赵扬锋，男，1979年生，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事矿山灾害力学方面的研究。E-mail：zhyf_20010284@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（No. 52074142）；辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目（No. JYTZD2023078）；辽宁省自然科学基金（No. 2022-MS-401）

Acoustic emission and charge signal response characteristics in the process of fault stick-slip instability

ZHAO Yang-feng^{1, 2}, DING Ling¹, WANG Xue-bin³, FAN Yi¹，JING Gang⁴

1. School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China; 2. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Mine Subsidence Disaster Prevention and Control, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China; 3. Institute of Computational Mechanics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China; 4. School of Energy and Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;

Received:2023-04-28 Accepted:2023-10-25 Online:2024-04-17 Published:2024-04-17
Supported by:
This work was supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52074142), the Foundation of Liaoning Province Department of Education (JYTZD2023078) and the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2022-MS-401).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入探索断层黏滑失稳的阶段特性以及声-电多源联合前兆特征，对含不同预制倾角断层的正长花岗岩开展了侧压分别为5、15、25 MPa的双向剪切摩擦试验，观察和分析了断层黏滑失稳过程的力学行为以及声发射、电荷感应信号的时频响应特征。结果表明：（1）侧压和断层倾角改变了断层的黏滑特征，进而影响了感应电荷量和声发射事件震级。侧压越大，间黏滑和黏滑失稳阶段的电荷量占比以及电荷累积速度越大。相较于56º断层，45º断层黏滑失稳时基于振幅的统计指标b值更小，大尺度破裂占比更大。（2）声-电信号幅值的分形特征可以反映断层面黏滑错动释放能量的差异。声-电信号频域的阶段性响应特点可有效辨识实验室尺度下断层黏滑失稳的演化过程，可以将声-电信号主频幅值急剧提高作为断层黏滑失稳前兆特征之一。临近断层黏滑失稳时声发射和电荷感应参量（能量、分形维数、频谱幅值）均呈现明显的“突增”特性。（3）声-电信号能量突增与黏滑应力降之间具有较好的对应性，但并不完全同步。断层黏滑失稳时，声发射会先于电荷感应产生高幅值信号。仅采用单一声发射或电荷感应信号来预警有可能造成信息漏报、误报，需结合声发射和电荷感应信号特征以实现声-电二元信号的相互补充与验证。

关键词: 斜交断层, 黏滑, 声发射, 电荷感应, 时频特征

Abstract: The research focused on exploring the characteristics of fault stick-slip instability and the combined multi-source precursor characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) and charge signals through bidirectional shear friction experiments on syenogranite with faults of different dip angles under lateral pressures of 5, 15, 25 MPa. The mechanical behavior of the fault and time-frequency characteristics of AE and charge induction signals were observed and analyzed. The key findings and observations are summarized as follows. (1) Lateral pressure and fault dip were found to change the stick-slip characteristics, affecting the induced charge and the magnitude of AE event. Increasing the lateral pressure led to gradual increase in the proportions of induced charge and charge accumulation rate in the meta-instability stage and stick-slip instability stage gradually increase. Compared with 56° fault, the amplitude based statistical index b-value of 45° fault was smaller, and the proportion of large-scale rupture was larger. (2) The fractal dimension of amplitude was observed to reflect differences in energy released by the fault. Phased response characteristics of the frequency characteristics of AE and charge induction signals were identified as effective means to discern the evolution process of fault stick-slip at the laboratory scale. A sharp increase in the main frequency amplitude was recognized as one of the precursor characteristics. The AE and charge induction parameters (energy, fractal dimension and spectral amplitude) in the stage from meta-instability to stick-slip instability showed distinct “sudden increase” characteristics. (3) There was a good correspondence between the energy of AE and charge induction signal and the stress drop, although not entirely synchronous. AE signal responded to stick-slip instability before charge induction. It was emphasized that combining AE and charge induction signal characteristics is essential for achieving mutual complementation and verification of the acoustic-charge binary signal.

Key words: oblique fault, stick-slip, acoustic emission, charge induction, time-frequency characteristics

中图分类号:

TU 457

赵扬锋, 丁玲, 王学滨, 樊艺, 荆刚, . 断层黏滑失稳过程声-电信号响应特征研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2024, 45(4): 973-990.

ZHAO Yang-feng, DING Ling, WANG Xue-bin, FAN Yi, JING Gang, . Acoustic emission and charge signal response characteristics in the process of fault stick-slip instability[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2024, 45(4): 973-990.

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断层黏滑失稳过程声-电信号响应特征研究

Acoustic emission and charge signal response characteristics in the process of fault stick-slip instability

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