离心模拟技术中运动学的物理意义

›› 2003, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 188-193.

离心模拟技术中运动学的物理意义

雷国辉, 施建勇

河海大学岩土工程研究所，江苏南京 210098

收稿日期:2002-03-14 出版日期:2003-02-10 发布日期:2014-08-19

Physical meanings of kinematics in centrifuge modelling technique

LEI Guo-hui, SHI Jian-yong

Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Received:2002-03-14 Online:2003-02-10 Published:2014-08-19
About author:LEI Guo-hui，Male, Born in 1972, PhD, Associate Professor, Major in basic soil behaviour, foundation engineering, numerical analysis and soft ground improvement techniques.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究离心模拟中的运动学，有助于提高对离心模型试验结果的认识。笔者推导了描述离心模型中任一质点运动的整体速度和加速度的数学表达式。按照牛顿第二定律，在离心模拟中的加速度是连接运动学与动力学的重要因素。笔者描述了整体加速度表达式中各项的物理意义，指出了离心机稳定运转时的向心加速度、由角加速度效应引起的切向加速度、互补(复合向心)加速度分量、径向(原型的竖向)、环向和轴向(原型的两个水平方向)振动效应以及离心机臂伸长效应对整体加速度的贡献。分析结果表明，对于单向振动的动力离心模拟试验，选轴向(平行于转轴)为振动方向便于理解试验结果。另外，仔细检查了Schofield[1]对离心模拟中运动学的描述并发现其混淆之处。

关键词: 离心模拟, 运动学, 动力学, 物理意义, 振动

Abstract: Investigates the kinematics in centrifuge modelling which are highly useful for improving the understanding of results from centrifuge modelling tests. Mathematical expressions of the global velocity and acceleration of an arbitrary particle in a centrifuge model, which describe the motion of the particle, are derived. The acceleration is a critical factor in centrifuge modelling because it links kinematics to dynamics through Newton second law. The physical meaning of each term of the derived expression for global acceleration is described. Contributions of the centripetal acceleration in steady flight, the tangential acceleration due to the effect of the angular acceleration, the Coriolis component of acceleration, the radial (the vertical direction at prototype), circumferential and axial (the two horizontal directions at prototype) shaking effects and the elongation effect of the centrifuge arm to the global acceleration of a particle in centrifuge modelling are identified in the expression of the global acceleration. It is found that, for ease of comprehension of test results from dynamic centrifuge modelling by means of uniaxial shaking, the preferred direction of shaking is in the axial direction (parallel to the axis of rotation). In addition, a description of the kinematics in centrifuge modelling proposed by Schofield [1] is critically examined and is found to be confusing.

Key words: centrifuge modeling, kinematics, dynamics, physical meaning, shaking

中图分类号:

TH 113.2

雷国辉, 施建勇 . 离心模拟技术中运动学的物理意义[J]. , 2003, 24(2): 188-193.

LEI Guo-hui, SHI Jian-yong. Physical meanings of kinematics in centrifuge modelling technique[J]. , 2003, 24(2): 188-193.

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