The Langmuir’s isothermal equation is employed to consider the nonlinear sorption characteristics. The improved mixing cell method is applied in the numerical analysis of contaminant transport in saturated porous medium. The combined effects of both nonlinear and nonequilibrium sorption on contaminant migration are examined. The computed results show that while the nonequilibrium and nonlinear sorption is considered, the breakthrough curve generally exhibits sharp fronts with a forward-shifted peak and shorten tailing. Both the parameter B in Langmuir isotherm equation and hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay liners as well as seepage velocity of groundwater play significant roles in governing contaminant transport through porous media.

Both obvious structure and deformation–strength characteristics of the solid waste(red mud) in Aluminium industry are studied .A series of consolidated drained triaxial shear tests is conducted on saturated samples of red mud under both intact and disturbed states. The relationship between the deformation–strength characteristics and structure is analysed using the method of soil mechanics. The effects of axial strain and confining pressure on structural parameter are investigated. The study indicates that: (1) For the saturated red mud inactive to water, the better relationship between deformation–strength characteristics and structure can be obtained by using the quantitative structural parameter defined by the ratio of and ( )r which are the difference between major principal stress and minor principal stress respectively for intact and disturbed samples in different strains. (2) The structural parameter mainly changes with the consolidation confining pressure and shear stress in small strain. (3) The deformation–strength characteristics of red mud is not directly relevant to consolidation stress and age during forming it ,but that is relevant to the structure induced under chemical and physical actions.

On the basis of Biot dynamic theory, the dynamic response of cylindrical cavities to incident P waves is investigated. An analytic solution is derived for a cavity embedded within a fluid-saturated porous media semi-space for the first time in this paper. The waves scattered by the cavity and semt-space are expressed in the term of wave potentials and expended in Fourier-Bessel series, and the coefficients in the wave functions are determined to satisfy the boundary conditions. By using the solutions of the potentials, the expressions of the displacements and stresses can be obtained. Numerical results are given and the dynamical stress concentration factor on the surface of the cavity that are presented shows that the results depend on the angle of incidence, the dimensionless frequency of the incident P wave.

An analytical method of stability against upheaval of deep excavation by the upper limit theory of plastic mechanics is presented. The basic wreck model is founded according to Prandtl-Reissner solution of ultimate bearing capacity of foundation. In order to obtain the harmonious velocity field, the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is introduced, in which the flow rule is obtained. The ultimate bearing capacity of bottom of deep excavation and the safety factor of against upheaval are solved through the principle of virtual work finally. In the stability analysis against upheaval of deep excavation for the First Edifice of the Commercial Shopping Center being located in Zhang—Yang Road of Shanghai, the internal reason of upheaval wreck of the deep excavation that occurred in the edifice is successfully opened out by the method.

Based upon geologic background of solum evolvement, aimed to strong structural soft clay strata Zhanjiang Formation lower Pleistocene series the Quaternary system in Zhanjiang area, the research on soil properties, which combines macroscopical mechanics test and microanalysis, has been made, so as to disclose internal relations between occurrence and strong structural characteristic of soft clay in this area. It is shown that Zhanjiang Formation is the deltaic-facies strata controlled by river(interactive marine & continental sedimentation); and its special sedimentation characteristic result from multi-geologic-agent coupling action with strong tectonic movement working on. Fundamentally, agglutination among particles result in the characteristic strong structural strength of this soft clay, and its pedogenic mechanism is extraordinarily similar to that of indigenous laterite.

A systematic and practical method of calculation of internal forces and deformation of retaining structure for deep excavation is put forward; and by the method, the design of retaining structure for deep excavation can be perfectly finished. The method is applied to the deep excavation project of Guangzhou metro and other important projects; and it is proved to be effective and available .It simplifies the structure as an elastic beam on ground; and the braces, rock and soil are simplified as a spring system; the rock and soil springs can be express by the deformation modulus of the rock or soil. The systematic calculation method also includes the incremental calculation method that can be used to modeling the construction process, obtaining the embedding depth of the retaining structure reasonably; and it also can be used to modeling the preloading of the brace and the dismantling of the brace etc.. The famous Terzaghi-Peck apparent earth presure is firstly explained preferably by this method. The experiential calculated method for deformation modulus of soils by the bearing capacity is presented. The systematic calculation method provides an effect calculated method of retaining structure for deep excavation; and a series of key problems are solved preferably by the method. It is applied triumphantly in practice.

The analytically dynamic model of saturated sandy soil which is proposed by reference literature[1] is programmed and interfaced with the FLAC code. The characteristics of the propagation of stress wave in quasi-saturated sandy soil under explosive loading is simulated and analyzed, and the influence of the content of the phrase of quasi-saturated sandy soil on the propagation of stress wave in quasi -saturated sandy soil are considered. The results of numerical simulating indicate that the little of gas has important role on the propagation of explosive compression waves in quasi -saturated sandy soil and the dynamic characteristics of quasi -saturated sandy soil.

Disturbance of collapsible loess due to dynamic consolidation was studied combining with runway foundation of collapsible loess improvement engineering of Zhongchuan Airport in Lanzhou City. The study of the change of physico-mechanical properties of loess before and after dynamic consolidation, characteristic of loess disturbed due to dynamic consolidation by means of in-situ tests such as static cone penetration, dynamic penetration, load test was carried out. The geo-environmental damage due to dynamic consolidation disturbance was analyzed. The influencing coefficient of vibration disturbance due to dynamic consolidation was put forward. The coefficient can be used to evaluate the disturbance degree for buildings due to dynamic consolidation, which includes maximum horizontal acceleration, speed, amplitude on land as well as integrative factors of buildings such as the rigidity, strength, height, situation of foundation and vibration isolation measures.

Analyzing records of sandstone strength from rock material test system, this paper finds that whole curves of strain-stress of three typical sandstone specimens have common features of stages, and the discrete feature of curve is often in strain-softening stage. After data series of test being detected by dynamics of chaos, it presents that system of whole process of strain-stress evolutes from high chaos state to low chaos state even ordered steady state, system after compressive strength which curve of strain-stress is more linear one by one changes from strong chaos state to strong ordered steady state; and joint system of sandstone before compressive strength normally generates weak chaos state, with increase of uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone specimens. Method of rock mechanics test is reliable. That dynamics of chaos used to study features of different stages of sandstone strength has some theoretic value.

Some results of the stress effects on soil-water characteristics of expansive soils are presented . Based on the experimental results, the first cycle of drying and wetting hysteresis is more significant than others.The stress effects on soil-water characteristic curve of expansive soils are found to be significant. The curve of 1D (one-dimensional stress) and ISO(isotropic stress) looks more linear compared with that from routine test. Hysteresis becomes reversed for the samples under stress.

The settlement prediction of soft ground is a typical time varying system, of which the parameters have time-varying property; hence, the time-varying property of parameters taken into account in the grey model for settlement prediction is significant. According to the information handling principle of the grey theory, the unequal step lengths grey time-varying parameters model for settlement prediction has been built. In the model, both time-varying and grey property　are considered; and a forgetting factor, of which the optimum value is validated according to the posterior variance ratio c, is quoted in the model to correct prediction results. The example shows that the unequal step lengths grey time-varying parameters model for settlement prediction has applicability, and prediction error can be decreased and the prediction precision can be enhance by the grey time-varging paraheters model.

Based on the field test of anchor cable pulling and prestress losses, the anchor forces and prestress losses of rock slope and similar soil slope were tested. It was observed that the force of 1 000 kN was put by anchoring in depth of 2-4 m in hard rock, and pulling prestress in 20 to 25 percent was required, which satisfy the design criterion. Bonding strength of various rocks and soils and curve of load and displacement in anchor were presented. And the stiffness and deformation were calculated. It provides reasonable stiffness for the design of anchor cable in similar soil slope.

The geometric shapes of geological objects and underground openings are very complex, so it is very difficult to visualize them. This paper describes an approach for 3-D visualization of stratified geological objects and underground openings. First, the regular grid datasets of the interfaces of stratified geological objects are formed through DEM techniques; then based on the theory of medial axis transform, the shape characteristic of strata and the topologies of strata are explicitly described with thicknesses and medial surfaces of strata and a method, by which the properties of strata in arbitrary spatial position can be obtained, is established. Based on the above notion and the application of interpolation, the extraction technique of contour lines and the sweeping technique, the implementation of 3-D visualization of strata and underground openings is achieved. This method avoids complicated estimation of the properties and shapes of opening voxels and the process of computing intersection of opening faces and voxels. As an example, 3-D visualization of strata and the foundation pit of a hydropower station are carried into effect.

The mathematical cover has relative independence to physical grid, so the generation of cover system for numerical manifold method is more flexible and convenient than finite element grid, but in some physical grid conditions, it has some dependence to physical grid as same as finite element method. Have discussed the effects of crack and boundary line in rock mass to the generation of cover system for numerical manifold method, point out that mathematical cover must suit with crack and boundary line in rock mass, and put forward corresponding method to form the cover system for numerical manifold method, it is helpful for application of the numerical manifold method in rock mass engineering.

Based on the in-situ test, anti-pull failure mode and stress transfer law of diving dry-vibrated compacted and anti-pull stone columns in sand are analyzed. The calculation of uplift capacity is studied employing the principle of limit equilibrium; and the computing formulas of the pullout bearing capacity are obtained. Based on the formulas and the experiment data, the calculating results are compared with the experiment data. The research shows that the calculating results are consistent with the experiment data. Uplift bearing capacity and settlement of anti-pull stone column have visible linear relations before reaching the failure load in the in-situ test. The failure characteristic of anti-pull stone column is very clear and the failure load of the anti-pull stone column can be obtained specifically.

Based on simply analyzing the back propagation algorithm, the principles of the BP neural network are applied to predicting sand liquefaction with eight factors listed as follows: seismic intensity, epicenter distance, mean diameter, coefficient of non-uniformity, underground water depth, sand depth, blow number of standard penetration test, ratio of shearing stress. Through computing practical examples and assessing the model, the model is manifested to be scientific and effective with much more accurate results than the Norm method and seed simplified method. The results show that the method is an efficient one in solving nonlinear problems.

Second-order nonlinear perturbation stochastic finite element theory can be combined with the technique of random field discretization of soil properties to solve the problem of uncertainty resulting in geotechnique. Compared with first-order perturbation, second-order perturbation stochastic finite element has the advantage of higher accuracy. This study calculated the statistical moments of settlement for shallow foundation by using second-order perturbation stochastic finite element method.

Based on the mechanical behaviors of representative soil layer in Shanghai, the simplified bounding surface hypoplasticity model parameters are calibrated by curve fitting. Using the acceleration time histories records for SAN FERNANDO earthquake in 1971 as the input motions, the seismic responses of Shanghai horizontal soil layer of depth 280 m are studied; the coupling between soil skeleton and fluid deformation, as well as the motions in three directions are taken into consideration in computations simultaneously, some results are useful.

Finite element method（FEM）is adopted to back analyze initial geostress field around the underground power houses of a hydropower station. Three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element analysis is performed for the simulation of excavating of the underground power houses excavations by using hyperbola yield criterion of Zienkiewicz-Pande. In order to reflect the solidification effect on surrounding rock by anchorage and to evaluate rationality of underground openings’ support parameters, a new element mode, which can take the shearing-resistant effect of bolt and the prestressing force of anchorage cable into account, is presented. The finite element calculation result shows that the openings’ layout, construction sequence and support parameters are rational, main openings are stable well.

The methods of creep test to get both curves of tensile creep rupture load vs time and creep strain vs time are compared. The procedures to extrapolate the two types of creep curves are presented. Based on the test data of writers and other researchers，determination of creep reduction factor from long-term creep strength or allowable strain at the required structure design life is given. Finally, the method of time-temperature superposition for longer-term creep curve is briefly introduced.

Based on laboratory experiments, the correlativity between light weight and high strength of the light heterogeneous soil mixed with polystyrene is studied. The authors demonstrate the relations between compressive strength and cement content, moisture content, density, age and failure strain. The compressive stress-strain behavior with different cement contents and densities is also analyzed. Finally,the authors suggest a strength formula and a relationship of stress-strain, which can be used as the scientific basis in-engineering applications

By using the 2D elastoplastic finite element computations for the stability of two classical sections of Tieshan Tunnel and Dayakou Tunnel, the authors analyse the stresses, displacements and plastic zones in the surrounding rockmasses and the bearing capacities of the initial supports and the second linings; and obtain the relative knowledge: (1) under the special conditions of overburden thicknesses, rockmass types, support structures and loading relaxation ratios, stronger stress concentrations occur at the nearby regions of the tunnel walls, and some parts of the surrounding rockmasses enter plastic states; (2) all the shotcretes, second linings and rock bolts work within the elastic range, and have larger safety reserves.

According to the special structure of precast block of inverted arch for TBM construction tunnel , the dynamic construction state is modeled by FEM with surrounding rock- structure calculating model. The calculating results indicate that surrounding rock initial stress has an obvious influence on interior force of invert center, interior force increases with the vertical force increasing in both side of invert center, and decrease with horizontal force increasing in interior side , unchangeable in outer side. Reduce the first-lining size in composite lining or change rigid connection to flexible one can improve the interior force of precast block of inverted arch. And the calculation result is verified with the experimental data. So the conclusions can be for reference for the similar TBM construction tunnel engineering.

On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the currently research results of damage mechanism of shaft walls, the characteristics of shaft wall damage in the Yan-Teng Mining District are studied; and its causes are analyzed. Furthermore, taking the damaged shaft wall in Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine for example, the prevention and controlling method and technical measures, and matters needing attention are discussed in detail so as to offer reference for further studies.

According to the loads characters and construction procedure of the cutoff wall, the finite element method to calculate the stresses and deformations of cutoff walls is investigated. The conventional finite element method for the earth or rockfill dam is improved. The example shows that the improved method can simulate the construction procedure more accurately.

Combined with foundation engineering of south anchor, Runyang Yangtse River Highway Bridge, based on the difference of flow movement characteristics in the different hydrogeology strata, the groundwater flow is modeled during the foundation pit dewatering; and a double layer structure mathematical model is developed. According to the model, the groundwater table of each soil layer can be calculated simultaneously. In the course of dewatering and consolidation of soil layer, the nonlinear changes between hydraulic conductivity coefficient and storativity coefficient and physico-mechanical parameters of the soil-layer are considered. Consequently, the nonlinear coupling calculation method is put forward between deep foundation pit dewatering and settlement. The method provides a new way for the forecast and control of soil body distortion, and the guidance of engineering construction and design.

Based on thermomechanics and thermoelasticity theory, the thermomechanical coupling effects and their effects on thermal parameters and mechanical parameters are analyzed briefly. The coupling governing equation under conditions of nonisothermal state is established, and the formulations of spatial discretization and time discretization are given. Using finite element method, a practical plane strain problem of radioactive waste repository is analyzed. The computed transient distributions of temperature field, stress field are discussed; and the effects of coupling are also discussed. The studies show that, with the elapsed time, heat energy are continually conducted and diffused from repository to further distance, and this variation of temperature will inevitably cause the variation of stress state in the meantime.

Based on the Biot’s dynamic consolidation equations, by means of Hankel transform and transfer matrix method, the integral solutions of stress and displacement for axisymmetric harmonic excitations were derived. In the study of layered soil with subjacent rock-stratum, influence of the echoes generated by the boundary and interfaces of the soils was revealed and analyzed.Finally, the effects of the depth of the soil and the loading frequency on the results were also studied.

Discarding and covering up dredging sludge may bring environmental problem. How to use and dispose it is an important problem to be paid close attention in China and foreign countries. New geosynthetic material can be developed by technology of solidification and light-weight technology. Based on laboratory tests, unconfined compression strength and density are researched; in addition, the strength mechanism of the soils is analyzed.The technology can avoid the environmental pollution due to sludges;and utilize refuses so as to get socicl benefits.

Introduction of the concept of matching-error of rock-soil pressure transducer is presented.The characteristics and their relevance of the stability,equivalence ,authenticity and practicality of matching-error are discussed.From research results some conclusions can be drawn as follows:the stability of matching-error is the key characteristics;the flatness and rigidity is a prerequisite to the design of transducer;the equivalent-matching-error may not be authentic,but it doesn’t affect the practicality of matching-error.

This paper studied highway-bridge abutment-backfill stability by the upper bound theorems of plasticity. Firstly, slip model of groundsill and backfill was decided according to centrifuge test and numerical calculation results. Secondly, the velocity field was determined based on the conditions of kinematic admissibility. Finally, to seek the least upper bound and calculate the soil pressure and the critic height, energy equilibrium theorems and programming resolutions were employed. It is pointed that groundsill and backfill material properties and reinforcement effect on abutment backfill stability markedly. The results indicate that increasing groundsill and backfill material strength, using light backfill material, dense and high strength reinforcing are propitious to backfill stability.

If the soil is regarded as a kind of plastic material, the impacting process can be abstracted as an acting problem of the semi-infinite body under uniform distribution pressure, so we can establish proper computation model, adopt the momentary kinetics analysis in ANSYS limited analysis software to stimulate and analyze the impacting process, in order to inquiry into the bit’s cut-in depth in soil layer and the bit’s effect on soil sample in terms of bit’s structure certain and the percussive work certain. From the analytical result, we can conclude that, firstly the soil sample’s axial compression is maximum in the bit lips surface is minimum in the center part of soil sample; secondly the messais stress in the interacting place of the bit’s inside wall and soil layer is mutating ,and the stress in soil sample keeps almost in the minimum level; finally the disturbance of impacting on the soil sample is within the very fine scope.

Sanitary landfill will be used the mostly method for municipal domestic refuse disposal in China. The deformation mechanism of municipal domestic refuse is complicated and is differ from the traditional soil. In this paper, the press condition of municipal domestic refuse will be simulated by plate loading test. Base on analyzing the deformation curve of 1991－2003 municipal domestic refuse in Wuhan, the deformation mechanism of municipal domestic refuse is searched after.

In order to research the optimization function of genetic algorithm on selecting the retaining structure type for deep foundation pit, the programs of optimizing the retaining structure of deep foundation pit, cantilever pile, cement-soil wall, and anchor reinforced pile are developed based on the genetic algorithms, the purpose is to select the best retaining structure type by comparing the optimized cost of the different structure types. Three actual deep foundation pit engineerings in Xiamen are analyzed to select their retaining structure type with the above programs. The result shows that the genetic algorithm is a good approach to select the retaining structure type for deep foundation pit.

The displacement-coordinating method has been put forward to analyze the influencing radius rm of pile. The method has the advantages of simple model of soil and parameters obtained easily. The results show that larger influencing radius can be brought about with the larger load on pile top or larger slenderness ratio of pile; and better soil can have smaller influencing radius. In addition, the concerned provisions about the spacing between two piles listed in current code for design of building foundation have been proved rational.

By analyzing experimental results of the growth and dissipation of pore water pressure , layering settlement , surface settlement and horizontal deformation and in-situ test results of CPT method and vane-shear test on a soft foundation consolidated by DCM (dynamic consolidation method) , it is made sure that DCM could be used to consolidate some kinds of saturated clay soils under some condition and the applied limits of dynamic consolidation method is given .

The plenty of pullout experiments on a novel type transmission tower foundation which is inserted with angle steels are carried out .The influence on the pullout ultimate bearing capacity of the inserted foundation is analyzed. The results of laboratory tests show as follows: the pullout capacity has nothing with type of angle steel before angle steel yielded, load–displacement curves approximately coinside with each other; while once angle steel yielded, types of angle steels have large influence on the pullout capacity because of the different pullout yielded strengths. The pullout capacity increases with increasing embedded depth. With increasing concrete strength, friction improves greatly, and pullout capacity also becomes larger. Bar ratio has a little effect on the ultimate uplift capacity.

A complete soil improvement management information system was developed, which consists of a project problem definition, feasibility study, design and construction code, engineering reconnaissance, design and specifications, construction, monitoring, quality inspection and whole process management including economic, technical and human resource aspects. The system includes the soil improvement method selection and its managements of usual improvement projects, especially for dynamic drainage consolidation methods. The system content could be modified and/or developed according to the need of a practice project. The content, exploiting method, the total construction design, and the selection of hardwave and software for this system are introduced in detail. Finally, the system applies for instance to a real project ------the soft soil improvement for International Exhibition Center of Guangzhou.