岩土力学 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1363-1374.doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2022.00248

• 基础理论与实验研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

三峡库区降雨型滑坡入渗特征及变形机制——基于一维和二维模型试验研究

王力1, 2, 3,南芳芸1, 2,王世梅1, 2,陈勇1, 2,李小伟4,范志宏1, 2,陈玙珊1, 2   

  1. 1. 三峡大学 三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室,湖北 宜昌 443002;2. 三峡大学 土木与建筑学院,湖北 宜昌 443002; 3. 中国地质大学(武汉) 湖北巴东地质灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,湖北 武汉 430074;4. 中南冶金地质研究所,湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26 接受日期:2022-12-30 出版日期:2023-05-09 发布日期:2023-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 王世梅,女,1965年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地质灾害机制、预防与评价等方面研究。E-mail: shimeiwang1965@126.com E-mail:wangli_ctgu@126.com
  • 作者简介:王力,男,1988年生,博士后,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事地质灾害机制及岩土基本理论等方面研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(No. U21A2031);湖北省重点研发计划(No. 2022BAA047);三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室开放基金(No. 2022KDZ19);湖北巴东地质灾害国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(No. BNORSG-202207)

Infiltration characteristics and deformation mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides in Three Gorges Reservoir Area based on 1D and 2D model tests

WANG Li1, 2, 3, NAN Fang-yun1, 2, WANG Shi-mei1, 2, CHEN Yong1, 2, LI Xiao-wei4, FAN Zhi-hong1, 2, CHEN Yu-shan1, 2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; 2. College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; 3. Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; 4. Central-South Institute of Metallurgical Geology, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
  • Received:2022-09-26 Accepted:2022-12-30 Online:2023-05-09 Published:2023-04-30
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A2031), the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province (2022BAA047), the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (2022KDZ19) and the Open Fund of Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards (BNORSG-202207).

摘要: 强降雨诱发古滑坡的浅层变形是三峡库区最为严重的地质灾害,因此,探索暴雨作用下滑坡土体的入渗规律及其浅层变形机制具有重要的研究意义。以三峡库区的降雨型滑坡为研究对象,统计了降雨型滑坡土体的渗透特性分布特征,考虑强降雨作用,分别开展一维土柱入渗试验和二维滑坡模型试验,研究了不同降雨强度条件下滑坡土体的入渗特征以及对应的滑坡浅层变形机制。降雨入渗试验结果表明:降雨入渗土体的速度取决于降雨强度与土体渗透系数的相对大小,当降雨强度小于或等于土体渗透系数时,入渗能力随降雨强度增大而增大。当降雨强度大于土体渗透系数时,入渗能力反而随之减小。模型试验结果表明:强降雨入渗时,会造成地表土体暂态饱和,表层土体以下非饱和区内的气体被暂态封闭并受到表层孔隙水压力作用而压缩,导致孔隙气压力随降雨入渗迅速增大。对于三峡库区的降雨型滑坡,短时的暴雨会产生瞬态饱和区。封闭气体,这也是影响强降雨入渗能力的主要原因;同时封闭气体传递水压使得浅层土体的孔隙水压力骤增,这也是许多滑坡发生浅层变形和破坏的主要原因。

关键词: 三峡库区, 模型试验, 降雨诱发滑坡, 入渗特征, 变形机制

Abstract: Shallow deformation of ancient landslides induced by heavy rainfall is the most serious geological disaster in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). It is important to explore the infiltration characteristics and its shallow deformation mechanism caused by heavy rainfall. In this study, the rainfall-induced landslide of the TGRA was selected as the research object, and the distributions of the soil permeability coefficients for rainfall-type landslide were summarized. Considering the effects of heavy rainfall, one-dimensional (1D) soil column infiltration test and two-dimensional (2D) landslide model test were conducted to study the infiltration characteristics of landslide soil and the corresponding shallow deformation mechanisms under different rainfall intensities. The results of the rainfall infiltration tests show that the speed of rainfall infiltration into soil depends on the magnitudes of rainfall intensity and soil permeability coefficient, i.e. when the rainfall intensity is less than or equal to the soil permeability coefficient, the infiltration capacity increases with rainfall intensity; when the rainfall intensity is greater than the soil permeability coefficient, the infiltration capacity decreases. The model test results show that the infiltration of heavy rainfall makes the surface soil transiently saturated and then the gas in the unsaturated zone below the surface is temporarily closed, which leads to the compression of gas by the surface pore water pressure. This means that the pore gas pressure increases with the infiltration of heavy rainfall. Overall, for the rainfall-induced landslides in TGRA, short-term torrential rain can create transient saturation zones and generate closing gas which is the main reason affecting the infiltration capacity of heavy rainfall. The water pressure transmitted by the closing gas causes the pore water pressure of the shallow soil to increase sharply, which is also the main reason for the shallow deformation and damage of many landslides.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir Area, model test, rainfall-induced landslides, infiltration characteristics, deformation mechanism

中图分类号: 

  • TU 411
[1] 张院生, 雷云超, 强小俊, 吴东东, 王东坡, 王计华, . 多排微型桩框架结构加固边坡离心模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(7): 1983-1994.
[2] 季雨坤, 王钦科, 赵国良, 张健, 马建林, . 斜坡上嵌岩抗拔桩竖向承载变形特性模型试验及数值模拟[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(6): 1604-1614.
[3] 马鹏杰, 芮瑞, 曹先振, 夏荣基, 王曦, 丁锐恒, 孙天健, . 微型桩加固长大缓倾裂隙土边坡模型试验[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(6): 1695-1707.
[4] 彭文明, 张雪东, 夏勇, . 软弱覆盖层上土石坝动力离心模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(6): 1771-1778.
[5] 冷先伦, 王川, 盛谦, 宋文军, 陈健, 张占荣, 陈菲, . 基于透明相似模型试验的主控裂隙边坡变形破坏演化机制研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(5): 1283-1294.
[6] 宋洋, 王宏帅, 李昂, 王鑫, 肖作明, 苑强, . 富水粉细砂层盾尾同步注浆浆液渗透-压密扩散机制研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(5): 1319-1329.
[7] 刘勇, 周怡晟, 索晓明, 樊浩博, 曹毅泽, 杜志田, . 盾构下穿高铁路基变形规律模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(4): 941-951.
[8] 刘新荣, 郭雪岩, 许彬, 周小涵, 曾夕, 谢应坤, 王䶮, . 含消落带劣化岩体的危岩边坡动力累积损伤机制研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(3): 637-648.
[9] 王锐松, 郭成超, 林沛元, 王复明, . 富水粉土基坑装配式可回收支护开挖响应分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(3): 843-853.
[10] 彭文哲, 赵明华, 杨超炜, 赵衡, . 斜坡桩水平循环特性模型试验及有限杆单元解[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(2): 381-391.
[11] 周翔, 蔡静森, 马伟成, 肖皓文, . 物质组成特征对碎石土斜坡变形破坏影响研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2023, 44(2): 531-540.
[12] 刘斯宏, 沈超敏, 程德虎, 张呈斌, 毛航宇, . 土工袋加固膨胀土边坡降雨−日晒循环试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2022, 43(S2): 35-42.
[13] 汤炀, 刘干斌, 郑明飞, 史世雍, . 饱和粉土中相变能源桩热力响应模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2022, 43(S2): 282-290.
[14] 钟卫, 张 帅, 贺拿. 基于相对变形方法的桩后土拱模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2022, 43(S2): 315-326.
[15] 罗维平, 袁大军, 金大龙, 陆平, 陈健, 郭海鹏, . 富水砂层盾构开挖面支护压力与地层变形关系 离心模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2022, 43(S2): 345-354.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 李 奎,高 波. 地铁隧道下穿小河和桥梁的施工方案研究[J]. , 2010, 31(5): 1509 -1516 .
[2] 杨 冰,杨 军,常 在,甘厚义,宋二祥. 土石混合体压缩性的三维颗粒力学研究[J]. , 2010, 31(5): 1645 -1650 .
[3] 肖世国,鲜 飞,王唤龙. 一种微型桩组合抗滑结构内力分析方法[J]. , 2010, 31(8): 2553 -2559 .
[4] 叶海林,郑颖人,黄润秋,杜修力,李安洪,许江波. 强度折减动力分析法在滑坡抗滑桩抗震设计中的应用研究[J]. , 2010, 31(S1): 317 -323 .
[5] 张志沛,彭 惠,饶 晓. 软土地基注浆扩散过程数值模拟研究[J]. , 2011, 32(S1): 652 -0655 .
[6] 吴礼舟 ,张利民 ,黄润秋. 成层非饱和土渗流的耦合解析解[J]. , 2011, 32(8): 2391 -2396 .
[7] 刘 润 ,王秀妍 ,刘月辉 ,王武刚. 点支撑缺陷下海底埋管热屈曲分析[J]. , 2011, 32(S2): 64 -69 .
[8] 梁耀哲. 刚性桩复合地基的主动土压力分析[J]. , 2012, 33(S1): 25 -29 .
[9] 韩建新 ,李术才 ,李树忱 ,杨为民 ,汪 雷 . 基于强度参数演化行为的岩石峰后应力-应变关系研究[J]. , 2013, 34(2): 342 -346 .
[10] 黄 达 ,岑夺丰 ,黄润秋 . 单裂隙砂岩单轴压缩的中等应变率效应颗粒流模拟[J]. , 2013, 34(2): 535 -545 .